Polyethyleneimine-Functionalized Magnetic Fe₃O₄ and Nanodiamond Particles as a Platform for Amoxicillin Delivery

Abstract

Antibiotics are used to treat many infectious diseases such as urinary tract infection. However, the resistance to antibiotic can increase due to the high-dose exposure to the human body. Alternative methods to lower the dosage of the antibiotics and deliver it to the specific organ are required for a more effective delivery and treatment at much lower dosage. A stable loading of amoxicillin on purified and polyethyleneimine-functionalized nano diamond particles is used along with magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery in this study. This novel approach is expected to expand the scope of using nano diamond for targeted drug delivery in which nanodiamond is combined with a ferromagnetic material such as Fe3O4 to deliver a specific drug to a particular site using an external magnetic field. To this end, the synthesis and loading of the amoxicillin on Fe3O4 nanoparticles and combining it with nanodiamond-polyethyleneimine-amoxicillin is investigated in this research. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles of cubic spinel structure are synthesized by microwave-assisted techniques, and different combinations of polyethyleneimine loaded ND and Fe3O4 are studied. It is shown that a structural configuration consisting of the core of magnetic particles with nanodiamond and polyethyleneimine can load 40 mg of amoxicillin and gradually released it in different media. The results on drug loading and release kinetics are studied and discussed in this paper.

Polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a Polymer-Based Co-Delivery System for Breast Cancer Therapy

“…Both systems enhanced drug release and function. 25 , 26 Moreover, PEI and its modification may be used for gene delivery using N-acetyl-L-leucine (N-Ac-L-Leu-PEI) to effectively deliver CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN). This is a crucial component in resisting inflammation, it is involved in the bone resorption process, and enhances cell apoptosis.…”

Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains—New Strategies for an Old Pathogen

“…Lu et al, 2019, took advantage of graphene, carbon nanotubes, and nanodiamonds in biofilm formation prevention on the catheter’s surface [ 102 ]. These nanomaterials also showed the ability to release drugs in the target sites [ 103 , 104 , 105 ]. Nanoparticles based on dendrimers were also investigated.…”

Nanomaterials for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections

“…Such graphene-nanoAg nanolayers were capable of preventing biofilm formation on the surface of the catheter, as a strong tool against the complications associated with UTIs. Rouhani et al [157] functionalized amoxicillin-based nanodiamonds with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and conjugation with ferromagnetic material (Fe 3 O 4 ) to achieve active targeted delivery. The nanodiamonds were capable to release the drug in the target sites to overcome the problem of dose-related resistance associated with a free drug approach against UTIs.…”