Polylactic Acid/Chitosan Nanoparticles Loading Nifedipine: Characterization Findings and In Vivo Investigation in Animal

Abstract

This paper presents the results of zeta potential, water contact angle, atomic force microscopy image, in vitro solubility, and content of heavy metals in polylactic acid (PLA)/chitosan (CS) nanoparticles loading nifedipine. In addition, the In Vivo test of the PLA/CS nanoparticles loading nifedipine in the mice is also one of highlights of this work. The Zeta potential result shows that the charged surface of the PLA/CS nanoparticles loading nifedipine is neutral, negative or complex depending on nifedipine content. Nifedipine plays a role in increase of hydrophobic property, swelling degree and regular surface as well as decrease of surface rough of the nanoparticles. The PLA/CS/nifedipine nanoparticles are dissolved in the solutions with pH 6.8, pH 4.5 and pH 1.2. The In Vivo test of PLA/CS nanoparticles loading nifedipine on mice was evaluated by the change in diastolic pressure, systolic pressure, arterial pressure and heart rate. The obtained results confirm that the PLA/CS nanoparticles loading nifedipine is suitable to apply in the treatment of hypertension patients lately.

Review: emulsion techniques for producing polymer based drug delivery systems

“…The nanoparticles had a rough surface and did not contain heavy metal ions. The swelling ability in phosphate buffer of PCN nanoparticles was better than that of PC nanoparticles [26]. The drug loading capacity of PCN nanoparticles was also determined.…”

“…Besides, the intensity of the NIF crystal peaks also increased with increasing the NIF content in the nanoparticles [24]. PCN nanoparticles containing different NIF contents were hydrophilic with contact angle less than 90 o [26]. The nanoparticles had a rough surface and did not contain heavy metal ions.…”

“…There are different routes of administration for the emulsion drug delivery such as oral delivery, intravenous delivery, topical delivery, ocular delivery, or nasal delivery as shown in Figure 15 [21]. When applying oral administration on rats, PLA/CS/NIF nanoparticles exhibited a positive efficacy in lowering blood pressure in rats, demonstrating a faster and longer lasting effect in terms of arterial pressure than NIF-unloaded nanoparticles [26]. The PLA/CS/NIF nanoparticles caused a slight decrease in heart rate in the late stages, without affecting the depolarization of mouse cardiomyocytes.…”

Potential Strategies to Reduce Blood Pressure in Treatment-Resistant Hypertension Using Food and Drug Administration–Approved Nanodrug Delivery Platforms

“…Another bio-degradable polymer used on PNPs in experimental studies of hypertension is chitosan. Chitosan, a linear polysaccharide made from the shells of crustaceans, can be formed into spherical biopolymers for the encapsulation of water insoluble drugs, including those to treat hypertension (50)(51)(52)(53). As with the other PNPs, chitosan based polymers are suggested to improve oral administration by increasing solubility of the drug.…”

“…The emerging interest and relevance for chitosan based PNPs is evidenced by two studies published earlier this year detailing the beneficial effects of using chitosan based PNPs: Auwal et al showed that chitosan PNPs encapsulating food based antihypertensive biopeptides, a safe and thus potentially attractive source of non-pharmaceutical treatment of TRH, protect the biopeptide from gastrointenstinal degradation (50). In addition, Chinh et al showed that polylactic acid/ chitosan NPs carrying the Ca 2+ channel blocker nifedipine reduced blood pressure in mice (51).…”