Polylactic acid/lyocell fibre as an eco-friendly alternative to polyethylene terephthalate/cotton fibre blended yarns and knitted fabrics

Environmental problems, such as global warming and plastic pollution have forced researchers to investigate alternatives for conventional plastics. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), one of the well-known eco-friendly biodegradables and biobased polyesters, has been studied extensively and is considered to be a promising substitute to petroleum-based polymers. This review gives an inclusive overview of the current research of lactic acid and lactide dimer techniques along with the production of PLA from its monomers. Melt polycondensation as well as ring opening polymerization techniques are discussed, and the effect of various catalysts and polymerization conditions is thoroughly presented. Reaction mechanisms are also reviewed. However, due to the competitive decomposition reactions, in the most cases low or medium molecular weight (MW) of PLA, not exceeding 20,000–50,000 g/mol, are prepared. For this reason, additional procedures such as solid state polycondensation (SSP) and chain extension (CE) reaching MW ranging from 80,000 up to 250,000 g/mol are extensively investigated here. Lastly, numerous practical applications of PLA in various fields of industry, technical challenges and limitations of PLA use as well as its future perspectives are also reported in this review.

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“…PLA fibers have a significant application in packing industry but only around 2% of PLA is used in the form of textile fibers [ 142 ].…”

Section: Pla Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(lactic Acid): A Versatile Biobased Polymer for the Future with Multifunctional Properties—From Monomer Synthesis, Polymerization Techniques and Molecular Weight Increase to PLA Applications

et al. 2021

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“…Jabbar et al 75 and Cao et al 76 revealed the correlation between the blending ratio and the mechanical properties of PLA/lyocell blended yarn. The breaking strength and tenacity of the yarn were found to be increased with the increase of lyocell fiber proportion in the blended yarn, whereas the elongation at break decreased with the increase of lyocell fiber.…”

Section: Ring Spinning Of Pla Yarnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(lactic acid) fibers, yarns and fabrics: Manufacturing, properties and applications

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Textile Research Journal

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Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fiber was developed more than a decade ago. It has been regarded as the most promising sustainable and biodegradable fiber to replace conventional polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polyester fiber in textile products. This paper reviews recent developments in PLA polymerization, PLA filament and fiber spinning, staple yarn spinning, fabric production, dyeing and finishing and aftercare procedures. The properties of PLA fiber are broadly similar to those of PET fiber; however, the properties of PLA fiber that differ, including thermal degradation and low hydrolytic resistance to strong alkaline, significantly affect the method selection and parameter setting of production and processing of PLA fibers and fabrics. PLA filaments are mainly produced by two-step melt spinning to get fibers with stable quality, but degradation at high temperature is still a problem. PLA staple yarns are normally spun using ring spinning. Currently existing knitting or weaving techniques can be used to produce PLA fabrics. PLA fabrics can be dyed with disperse dyes at 110°C, but their color fastness and shades are different from PET fabrics when using the same dyes. The scouring and dyeing of PLA/cotton blended fabrics and the reductive clearing after dyeing remain to be improved. As a new fiber, the entry of PLA fiber into the textile market faces difficult challenges as well as great opportunities in the future.

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“…2 Due to its high functionalization, glycerol can be transformed into several value-added products ( Table 1), such as lactic acid, [3][4][5] glyceric acid, 6-8 glycolic acid, [9][10][11] oxalic acid, 9,12 dihydroxyacetone, [13][14][15] glyceraldehyde, [16][17][18] 1,2-propanediol, [19][20][21] 1,3-propanediol, 22-24 1-propanol, 25,26 acrylic acid, [27][28][29] acrolein, [30][31][32] syngas, [33][34][35] mono-, di-, tri-glycerides, [36][37][38] triacetin, [39][40][41] glycerol oligomers, 42,43 and polymers. 44 Lactic acid is conventionally used as an acidulant and preservative in the food industry, in the chemical industry 45,46 as raw material for the production of pharmaceuticals, 47 cosmetics, 48 textiles, 49 leather, 50 and, in a fast-growing niche market, as monomer for the biodegradable polymer po...…”

Section: Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to its high functionalization, glycerol can be transformed into several value‐added products (Table ), such as lactic acid, glyceric acid, glycolic acid, oxalic acid, dihydroxyacetone, glyceraldehyde, 1,2‐propanediol, 1,3‐propanediol, 1‐propanol, acrylic acid, acrolein, syngas, mono‐, di‐, tri‐glycerides, triacetin, glycerol oligomers, and polymers . Lactic acid is conventionally used as an acidulant and preservative in the food industry, in the chemical industry as raw material for the production of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, textiles, leather, and, in a fast‐growing niche market, as monomer for the biodegradable polymer poly‐(lactic acid) or PLA . Lactic acid can be produced by chemical synthesis or by fermentation from sugars, the latter being the preferred alternative at the industrial level …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerol valorization: conversion to lactic acid by heterogeneous catalysis and separation by ion exchange chromatography

Arcanjo

Silva

Cavalcante

et al. 2019

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The consumption and production of biodiesel has grown dramatically in recent decades, motivated by a strong interest in renewable energy. This has generated a surplus of its main by‐product, glycerol. Several catalytic processes have been proposed to generate alternatives for using this excess glycerol, mainly focusing on its transformation into high value‐added chemical products. Various products, ranging from syngas to organic acids, such as acrylic or lactic acid, along with 1,2‐propanediol, 1,3‐propanediol, glycerol ethers or even polymers, have been produced starting from glycerol. Among this multitude of possibilities, the production of lactic acid is one of the most interesting alternatives to valorize glycerol, because of the wide range of applications described for this organic acid. This review focuses on recent studies dealing with the catalytic conversion of glycerol to lactic acid, using different heterogeneous catalysts, and evaluates the factors influencing the oxidation catalytic process and the proposed reaction mechanisms. Finally, recent studies on the separation and purification of lactic acid using ion exchange chromatography resins are also reported. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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Polylactic acid/lyocell fibre as an eco-friendly alternative to polyethylene terephthalate/cotton fibre blended yarns and knitted fabrics

Abstract: This is a repository copy of Polylactic acid/Lyocell fibre as an eco-friendly alternative to Polyethylene terephthalate/Cotton fibre blended yarns and knitted fabrics.

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

Poly(lactic Acid): A Versatile Biobased Polymer for the Future with Multifunctional Properties—From Monomer Synthesis, Polymerization Techniques and Molecular Weight Increase to PLA Applications

Poly(lactic Acid): A Versatile Biobased Polymer for the Future with Multifunctional Properties—From Monomer Synthesis, Polymerization Techniques and Molecular Weight Increase to PLA Applications

Poly(lactic acid) fibers, yarns and fabrics: Manufacturing, properties and applications

Glycerol valorization: conversion to lactic acid by heterogeneous catalysis and separation by ion exchange chromatography

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