Polylactide Perspectives in Biomedicine: From Novel Synthesis to the Application Performance

Abstract

The incessant developments in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields, particularly, customised solutions for specific diseases with targeted therapeutic treatments, require the design of multicomponent materials with multifunctional capabilities. Biodegradable polymers offer a variety of tailored physicochemical properties minimising health adverse side effects at a low price and weight, which are ideal to design matrices for hybrid materials. PLAs emerge as an ideal candidate to develop novel materials as are endowed withcombined ambivalent performance parameters. The state-of-the-art of use of PLA-based materials aimed at pharmaceutical and biomedical applications is reviewed, with an emphasis on the correlation between the synthesis and the processing conditions that define the nanostructure generated, with the final performance studies typically conducted with either therapeutic agents by in vitro and/or in vivo experiments or biomedical devices.

Biomechanical Behaviors and Degradation Properties of Multilayered Polymer Scaffolds: The Phase Space Method for Bile Duct Design and Bioengineering

“…This degradation is due to a higher concentration of terminal autocatalytic groups in the bulk of the polymer. However, PCL has a high degree of crystallinity and hydrolytic stability in its ester bonds, resulting in the accumulation of terminal groups in the bulk of the polymer proceeding slowly; there is no experimental autocatalytic effect, which leads to long periods of degradation in the films and rods [ 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 ]. This structure causes a higher speed of degradation in high-dispersed fibrous PCL materials in comparison to films and rods.…”

A Multitool for Circular Economy: Fast Ring‐Opening Polymerization and Chemical Recycling of (Bio)polyesters Using a Single Aliphatic Guanidine Carboxy Zinc Catalyst

“…Within the scope of the error the most important structural parameters are in the same order of magnitude for C1 as for the "asme"-catalyst. Both L1 and C1 were further characterized using 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy as well as IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (see the Supporting Information and repository).…”

“…[12] Due to its physical properties PLA is mostly used as packaging material, but also for single use cutlery, beverage cups, agricultural foils or for medical applications. [13] With a production of around 0.46 million tons in 2021, PLA shares the highest production capacity within the current bioplastics. Increased production and use of PLA are indicated in recent studies, further showing its potential for the future.…”

Stereochemical Heterogeneity Analysis of Polylactides by Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography

“…Commercially, PLA is typically produced via ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of the cyclic LA dimer, referred to as lactide, which exists in three enantiomeric forms: L-lactide, Dlactide, and meso-lactide. For the polymerization to occur, catalyst (1) (typically, tin-(II)-octanoate, Sn(oct) 2 ) is first activated using alcohol (2) or other hydroxide-containing molecule. The polymerization proceeds via a nucleophilic attack by the activated catalyst (3) on the monomer (4), followed by coordination insertion to produce polymer chains incorporating ester as end groups (−OR) (4a), 4,5 where R = alkyl or aryl from the initiator.…”