Polymer Alloys of Nodax Copolymers and Poly(lactic acid)

Noda, Isao; Satkowski, Michael M.; Dowrey, Anthony E.; Marcott, Curtis

doi:10.1002/mabi.200300093

Cited by 197 publications

(193 citation statements)

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“…Similar results have been reported by Noda et al 36 They investigated the properties of blends of poly(lactic acid), which is hard and brittle, and a class of PHAs called Nodax. It was found that the addition of a small amount of PHAs effectively improved the toughness of poly(lactic acid) by inducing crazing deformation rather than the typical brittle fracture.…”

Section: Microscopic Observationsupporting

confidence: 84%

The toughening effect of a small amount of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) on the mechanical properties of the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)/PCL blend

Katsumata

Saitō

Fang

et al. 2011

Polym J

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To improve the mechanical properties of bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(3HB-co-3HH)], the materials were blended with poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL). The P(3HB-co-7 mol% 3HH) cast film and the P(3HB-co-11 mol% 3HH) melt-pressed film show brittleness after aging, although unaged samples show ductile behavior. However, the addition of a small amount of PCL was found to greatly improve the toughness of the P(3HB-co-7 mol% 3HH) cast film and the P(3HB-co-11 mol% 3HH) melt-pressed film. Reduction in the whitening of the elongated P(3HB-co-7 mol% 3HH) film by blending with PCL indicates that a transition in the deformation mechanism of the film was induced. In P(3HB-co-11 mol% 3HH)/PCL melt-pressed films, a cloud of craze initiation created by the dispersed PCL was observed. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms and scanning electron microscopy images of the blended films indicated that finely dispersed PCL, the crystallization of which was restricted, and/or voids formed during preparation contribute to the delocalization of the applied stress and ductile deformation of P(3HB-co-3HH) films. In conclusion, the transition in the deformation mechanisms and the delocalization of the applied stress are expected to be important for enhancing the toughness of aged P(3HB-co-3HH)s, and blending with a small amount of PCL is a simple way to improve the mechanical properties of P(3HB-co-3HH)s. Polymer Journal (2011) 43, 484-492; doi:10.1038/pj.2011.12; published online 23 February 2011Keywords: blend; mechanical property; polyhydroxyalkanoate; poly(e-caprolactone); tensile test INTRODUCTION Several kinds of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biosynthesized by various bacteria as energy-storage materials. 1-5 They may be produced from renewable natural resources and have biodegradability. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(3HB-co-3HH)] is part of the PHA family. 6 Doi et al. 7 have found that the content of the 3HH unit greatly affected the thermal and mechanical properties of P(3HB-co-3HH), but had little effect on the crystalline structure of 3HB-rich P(3HB-co-3HH)s because of the formation of the P(3HB)-homopolymer-type crystalline phase and the exclusion of the 3HH unit from the crystalline lattice. P(3HB-co-3HH) was found to show improved mechanical properties and thermal plasticity over those of known PHAs. 8,9 One of the notable advantages of P(3HB-co-3HH)s is their adjustable mechanical properties, from soft to hard material, depending on the comonomer-unit composition; this allows for the tailoring of P(3HB-co-3HH) to various societal applications, such as in green and sustainable polymeric materials.However, P(3HB-co-3HH) becomes brittle after aging at room temperature, thus restricting its practical applications. Although

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Section: Microscopic Observationsupporting

confidence: 84%

The toughening effect of a small amount of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) on the mechanical properties of the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)/PCL blend

Katsumata

Saitō

Fang

et al. 2011

Polym J

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“…29 PHAs that consist of 3HB and a small amount of MCL-HA units have lower crystallinities and T m s and more ductile properties than short-chain-length PHAs. Noda et al 30 reported that blends of PLA with this type of PHA can form an excellent pair of complementary materials, which can effectively balance the shortcomings of these materials when combined. For example, the results indicated that the toughness and elongation at break of the blends significantly improved when 10% of PHA was added to PLA, which was attributed to an increase in the amorphous phase of the blends and caused unusually slow crystallization kinetics of finely dispersed PHA particles.…”

Section: Pha Modification Via Blendingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyhydroxyalkanoates: opening doors for a sustainable future

2016

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Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) comprise a group of natural biodegradable polyesters that are synthesized by microorganisms. However, several disadvantages limit their competition with traditional synthetic plastics or their application as ideal biomaterials. These disadvantages include their poor mechanical properties, high production cost, limited functionalities, incompatibility with conventional thermal processing techniques and susceptibility to thermal degradation. To circumvent these drawbacks, PHAs need to be modified to ensure improved performance in specific applications. In this review, well-established modification methods of PHAs are summarized and discussed. The improved properties of PHA that blends with natural raw materials or other biodegradable polymers, including starch, cellulose derivatives, lignin, poly(lactic acid), polycaprolactone and different PHA-type blends, are summarized. The functionalization of PHAs by chemical modification is described with respect to two important synthesis approaches: block copolymerization and graft copolymerization. The expanded utilization of the modified PHAs as engineering materials and the biomedical significance in different areas are also addressed.

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“…PHAs composed of monomers bearing a side chain of medium chain length (mclPHAs) have been reported to exhibit low glass transition temperatures (T g ), and have been used as additives to reduce the stiffness of PLLA (Noda et al 2004). Even when a small quantity (10-20 wt%) of mcl-PHA was mixed with PLLA, the properties of PLLA were dramatically improved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced functionalization of polyhydroxyalkanoate via the UV-initiated thiol-ene click reaction

Tajima

Iwamoto

Satoh

et al. 2016

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) incorporating vinyl-bearing 3-hydroxyalkanoates were prepared in 8.5-12.9 g·L -1 yield. The molar ratios (0-16 mol%) of the vinyl-bearing 3-hydroxyalkanoate derivatives were controlled by the continuous feeding of undecylenate at various concentrations. Subsequently, the PHAs were functionalized by UV-initiated thiolene click reaction and chemical modification. 1 H NMR spectra suggested that 3-mercaptopropionic acid and 2-aminoethanthiol were successfully introduced into the vinylbearing PHA. Subsequently, chemical modification using fluorescein or a fibronectin active fragment (GRGDS) was attempted. The former yielded a PHA derivative capable of emitting fluorescence under UV irradiation, which was useful for determining the miscibility of PHA in a composite film comprising poly-ʟ-lactic acid (PLLA) and PHA. In the latter case, PHA bearing GRGDS peptides exhibited cell adhesiveness, suggesting that its biocompatibility was improved upon peptide introduction. Taken together, the UV-initiated thiol-ene click reaction was demonstrated to be useful in PHA modification.

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Polymer Alloys of Nodax Copolymers and Poly(lactic acid)

Cited by 197 publications

References 10 publications

The toughening effect of a small amount of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) on the mechanical properties of the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)/PCL blend

The toughening effect of a small amount of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) on the mechanical properties of the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)/PCL blend

Polyhydroxyalkanoates: opening doors for a sustainable future

Advanced functionalization of polyhydroxyalkanoate via the UV-initiated thiol-ene click reaction

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