Polymer Based Microcapsules for Encapsulation

Bhutkar, Siddhant; Shanmuganathan, Kadhiravan

doi:10.1007/978-981-16-8146-2_1

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…These microcapsules help to protect the encapsulated AI from the external environment and ensure its controlled release in a timely manner. However, the shells of these microcapsules have often been designed using synthetic polymers that are nonbiodegradable and are therefore contributing to the global microplastic pollution challenge. , The concern for microplastic pollution is rising among the public and governments. , Along with their impact on the natural environment, the presence of microplastics in the human body (via food ingestion and air inhalation) is alarming. , This global concern has led to new legislations worldwide compelling the use of environmentally friendly alternatives along with effective management and reduction of plastic waste . Specifically, since September 27, 2023, the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) has imposed extensive Europe wide restriction which bans the use of intentionally added microplastics in products .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the shells of these microcapsules have often been designed using synthetic polymers that are nonbiodegradable and are therefore contributing to the global microplastic pollution challenge. 7 , 8 The concern for microplastic pollution is rising among the public and governments. 9 , 10 Along with their impact on the natural environment, the presence of microplastics in the human body (via food ingestion and air inhalation) is alarming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microplastic-Free Microcapsules Using Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Bis-Urea Molecules at an Emulsion Interface

Bhutkar,

Millard,

Preece

et al. 2024

Langmuir

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Encapsulation technology is well established for entrapping active ingredients within an outer shell for their protection and controlled release. However, many solutions employed industrially use nondegradable cross-linked synthetic polymers for shell formation. To curb rising microplastic pollution, regulatory policies are forcing industries to substitute the use of such intentionally added microplastics with environmentally friendly alternatives. This work demonstrates a one-pot process to make microplastic-free microcapsules using supramolecular self-assembly of bis-ureas. Molecular bis-urea species generated in-situ spontaneously self-assemble at the interface of an oil-in-water emulsion via hydrogen bonding to form a shell held together by noncovalent bonds. In addition, Laponite nanodiscs were introduced in the formulation to restrict aggregation observed during the self-assembly and to reduce the porosity of the shell, leading to well-dispersed microcapsules (mean Sauter diameter d [3,2] ∼ 5 μm) with high encapsulation efficiency (∼99%). Accelerated release tests revealed an increase in characteristic release time of the active by more than an order of magnitude after encapsulation. The mechanical strength parameters of these capsules were comparable to some of the commercial, nondegradable melamine−formaldehyde microcapsules. With mild operating conditions in an aqueous environment, this technology has real potential to offer an industrially viable method for producing microplastic-free microcapsules.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic-Free Microcapsules Using Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Bis-Urea Molecules at an Emulsion Interface

Bhutkar,

Millard,

Preece

et al. 2024

Langmuir

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Advances in microencapsulation techniques using Arabic gum: A comprehensive review

Al-Hamayda,

Abu-Jdayil,

Ayyash

et al. 2023

Industrial Crops and Products

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Microencapsulation technology for delivery of enzymes in ruminant feed

Almassri,

Trujillo,

Terefe

2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The ruminant digestive system is uniquely designed to make efficient use of high-fibre feed, including forages. Between 40 to 100% of the ruminant diet consists of forages which are high in fibre and up to 70% of this may remain undigested in the ruminant gut, with substantial impact on feed utilisation rate and productivity and the economic and environmental sustainability of livestock production systems. In ruminants, feed costs can make up to 70% of the overall cost of producing an animal product. Increasing feed utilisation efficiency, i.e., more production with less feed lowers feeding costs and improves livestock economic viability. Strategies for improving nutrient utilisation in animal feed has been investigated over the years. Incorporation of fibre digesting enzymes in the feed to facilitate the digestion of the residual fibre in hind gut is one of the proposed strategies. However, delivering such enzymes to the hind gut in active state is challenging due to the unfavourable biochemical environment (pH, microbial proteases) of ruminant’s gastrointestinal tract. This review discusses the potential application of microencapsulation for protected and targeted delivery of enzymes into the hind gut of ruminants.

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Polymer Based Microcapsules for Encapsulation

Cited by 3 publications

References 98 publications

Microplastic-Free Microcapsules Using Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Bis-Urea Molecules at an Emulsion Interface

Microplastic-Free Microcapsules Using Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Bis-Urea Molecules at an Emulsion Interface

Advances in microencapsulation techniques using Arabic gum: A comprehensive review

Microencapsulation technology for delivery of enzymes in ruminant feed

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