Polymer coated Capacitive Deionization Electrode for Desalination: A mini review

Gaikwad, Mahendra S.; Balomajumder, Chandrajit

doi:10.1515/eetech-2016-0001

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The majority of MCDI papers often incorporate commercially available electrodialysis membranes that are thick and mechanically reinforced. , These membranes serve as a separator between the liquid compartments, and they have relatively low ionic conductivity compared to other IEMs used in fuel cell or flow battery devices. − The ionic conductivity of the IEMs for electrodialysis is not required to be high because the dilute compartment in the electrodialysis stack is the biggest source of ohmic resistance. IEMs for MCDI, unlike electrodialysis, do not partition liquid compartments and are just required to provide a conformal layer for ion selectivity. − Hence, a thinner membrane for MCDI seems justified. It is not clear, however, how a thinner, more conductive membrane would impact the performance and energy usage in MCDI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Resistant Ion-Exchange Membranes for Energy Efficient Membrane Capacitive Deionization

Palakkal

Rubio

Lin

2018

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) has emerged as an effective and energy efficient desalination technology for treating brackish water streams used in numerous industrial processes. Most material research studies on MCDI focus on improving the porous electrodes or using flowing electrode architectures, and little emphasis is given to the rationale design of ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) for MCDI. In this work, the ionic conductivity, permselectivity, and thickness for three different IEM chemistries (polyaliphatic, poly(arylene ether), and perfluorinated) were correlated to MCDI performance attributes: energy expended per ion removed, salt removal efficiency, and Coulombic efficiency. A 5-to 10-fold reduction in area specific resistance, which accounts for thickness and ionic conductivity, with unconventional perfluorinated and poly(arylene ether) IEMs reduced the energy expended per ion removed in MCDI by a factor of 2 when compared to conventional electrodialysis IEMs. In situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy substantiated that thinner membranes with higher ionic conductivity helped in the reduction of energy expended per ion removed (more than 50%). Finally, the lower than 100% Coulombic efficiency is ascribed to carbon corrosion of the porous electrodes highlighting that further improvements in MCDI do not just necessitate more appropriate membranes but corrosion resilient electrodes.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Resistant Ion-Exchange Membranes for Energy Efficient Membrane Capacitive Deionization

Palakkal

Rubio

Lin

2018

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Kim et al, [ 367 ] fabricated a CEM through pore-filling with both sulfonic acid groups and weak acid chelating groups and the resulting IEM was stable over a wide range of pH and was effective for multivalent cation removal. In addition, electrode-IEM composites are produced by immersing or spraying the electrode with functional solutions, in situ polymerization of the electrode, and electrode chemical oxidation with dopant [ 369 ]. Electrode-IEM composites possess low contact resistance at the interface of the electrode and ion exchange polymer, as well as enhanced capacitance in some cases [ 361 , 370 ].…”

Section: Membrane Capacitive Deionizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontiers of Membrane Desalination Processes for Brackish Water Treatment: A Review

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Climate change, population growth, and increased industrial activities are exacerbating freshwater scarcity and leading to increased interest in desalination of saline water. Brackish water is an attractive alternative to freshwater due to its low salinity and widespread availability in many water-scarce areas. However, partial or total desalination of brackish water is essential to reach the water quality requirements for a variety of applications. Selection of appropriate technology requires knowledge and understanding of the operational principles, capabilities, and limitations of the available desalination processes. Proper combination of feedwater technology improves the energy efficiency of desalination. In this article, we focus on pressure-driven and electro-driven membrane desalination processes. We review the principles, as well as challenges and recent improvements for reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), electrodialysis (ED), and membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI). RO is the dominant membrane process for large-scale desalination of brackish water with higher salinity, while ED and MCDI are energy-efficient for lower salinity ranges. Selective removal of multivalent components makes NF an excellent option for water softening. Brackish water desalination with membrane processes faces a series of challenges. Membrane fouling and scaling are the common issues associated with these processes, resulting in a reduction in their water recovery and energy efficiency. To overcome such adverse effects, many efforts have been dedicated toward development of pre-treatment steps, surface modification of membranes, use of anti-scalant, and modification of operational conditions. However, the effectiveness of these approaches depends on the fouling propensity of the feed water. In addition to the fouling and scaling, each process may face other challenges depending on their state of development and maturity. This review provides recent advances in the material, architecture, and operation of these processes that can assist in the selection and design of technologies for particular applications. The active research directions to improve the performance of these processes are also identified. The review shows that technologies that are tunable and particularly efficient for partial desalination such as ED and MCDI are increasingly competitive with traditional RO processes. Development of cost-effective ion exchange membranes with high chemical and mechanical stability can further improve the economy of desalination with electro-membrane processes and advance their future applications.

show abstract

“…Merging metal oxides with nanos-tructured graphene improves capacitance [21][22][23]. Also nanostructured electrodes [24] and polymer-coated electrodes [25] were used for capacitive deionization.…”

Section: Electrode Materials In CDImentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Progress of Capacitive Deionization for Removal of Pollutant Ions

Gaikwad¹,

Balomajumder²

2016

Electrochemical Energy Technology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:A mini review of a recently developing water purification technology capacitive deionization (CDI) applied for removal of pollutant ions is provided. The current progress of CDI for removal of different pollutant ions such as arsenic, fluoride, boron, phosphate, lithium, copper, cadmium, ferric, and nitrate ions is presented. This paper aims at motivating new research opportunities in capacitive deionization technology for removal of pollutant ions from polluted water.

show abstract

Polymer coated Capacitive Deionization Electrode for Desalination: A mini review

Cited by 21 publications

References 27 publications

Low-Resistant Ion-Exchange Membranes for Energy Efficient Membrane Capacitive Deionization

Low-Resistant Ion-Exchange Membranes for Energy Efficient Membrane Capacitive Deionization

Frontiers of Membrane Desalination Processes for Brackish Water Treatment: A Review

Current Progress of Capacitive Deionization for Removal of Pollutant Ions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About