Polymer coatings based on sulfonated-poly-ether-ether-ketone films for implant dentistry applications

Abstract

Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is one of the most important biocompatible polymers and its sulfonation has been studied for biomedical applications. The aim of the present study is to produce, to characterize and to assess bioactivity of PEEK coatings with sulfonated PEEK (SPEEK) films. Biomedical grade PEEK (Invibio®, Batch: D0602, grade: NI1) was functionalized using sulfuric acid 98%. SPEEK was dissolved into DMSO or into DMF, both at 10% mass/volume. PEEK bars (N = 18) and cylinders (N = 27) were manufactured by compression molding and heating. SPEEK/DMSO and SPEEK/DMF were drop casted at PEEK bars and dip coated at PEEK cylinders (PEEK + SPEEK/DMSO and PEEK + SPEEK/DMF). Characterization was performed through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and contact angle measurements. Bioactivity was assessed by immersion of samples at SBF for 1, 7 and 21 days, followed by SEM, energy-dispersive analysis (EDX) and FTIR analysis. Statistical analysis was carried out by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p = 0.05). Characteristic bands of PEEK and SPEEK, were identified through FTIR spectrum analysis, while semicrystallinity was confirmed by XRD. PEEK + SPEEK/DMF showed more evident physicochemical modifications. PEEK + SPEEK/DMSO provided a more regular and hydrophobic surface, observed through SEM and contact angle measurements. SEM/EDX showed that precipitates of calcium were formed at PEEK + SPEEK/DMSO and PEEK + SPEEK/DMF at all experimental times, but materials were not considered bioactive. Interesting surface properties were achieved with SPEEK coatings but the production of SPEEK films at PEEK surface has to be further improved and biologically tested. Schematic diagram showing the methodology applied in this study to prepare PEEK and SPEEK samples, as well as the promising application of the material.

Additively Manufactured Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with Carbon Nanostructure Reinforcement for Biomedical Structural Applications

“…[ 25 ] Sulfonation is one of the chemical approaches for changing surface property where sulfuric acid is used to modify the surface morphology of PEEK through etching action. Sulfonation of PEEK has mostly been exploited for ion‐exchange membranes [ 26 ] used in fuel cell applications, [ 27 ] although a few recent studies have emerged on biomedical applications of sulfonated PEEK [3a,18e,28] . The sulfonation of mechanical dogbone and cylindrical bioactivity scaffold samples were performed by dipping them into concentrated (12 mol) sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) for 5 min (selected from literature) at room temperature followed by thorough (3×) rinsing with deionized (DI) water (see Figure ) .…”

3D-Printed Polymer-Infiltrated Ceramic Network with Biocompatible Adhesive to Potentiate Dental Implant Applications

“…Since then, several materials have been investigated and not only pure metals were explored but also metals, ceramics modified with biocompatible coatings, and polymers. Some examples include calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite (HA) [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]; some metal alloys, such as nickel-titanium (NiTi), stainless steel, and Vitallium (a cobalt-chrome alloy composed of 65% Co, 30% Cr, and 5% Mo) [ 7 ]; ceramic cements like alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), spinel (MgAl 2 O 4 ) and zirconia (ZrO 2 ) [ 4 ]; and polymers such as sulfonated poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK), poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), and polylactic acid (PLA) [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Microstructure, mechanical properties and heat-resistance properties of bismaleimide composites modified synergistically by alumina and two kinds of thermoplastic resins

“…It can be seen that the 1015 cm À1 in the infrared spectrum of the SPEEK is the stretching vibration absorption peak of the S k O bond in -SO 3 H. The absorption peak at 707 cm À1 , is caused by the symmetric stretching vibration of the S-O-C bond, and it can be preliminarily determined that the SPEEK has successfully introduced the sulfonic acid group. 29 It is confirmed that the introduction of sulfonic acid group did not change the basic structure of PEEK, and PEEK has been successfully sulfonated. 30 Figure 2 shows the SEM image and energy spectrum (EDS) of PEEK and SPEEK.…”