Polymer Composite and Nanocomposite Dielectric Materials for Pulse Power Energy Storage

Barber, Peter; Balasubramanian, Shiva; Anguchamy, Yogesh Kumar; Gong, Shushan; Wibowo, Arief C.; Gao, Hongsheng; Ploehn, Harry J.; Loye, Hans-Conrad zur

doi:10.3390/ma2041697

Cited by 705 publications

(526 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…There is a small increase in the electrical conductivity of the nanomaterial at the low frequency region for an increase in frequency and is the same for all temperatures. Conversely, at high frequencies especially in the KHz region, there is an abrupt increase in the conductivity and it is enormous at high temperatures which could be attributed to small polaron hopping (Barber et al 2009). …”

Section: Electrical Conductivity Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric Properties of Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) Nanoparticles synthesized by solvothermal method

2013

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Synthesis of nanoparticles of cadmium selenide (CdSe) was carried out using solvothermal method with cadmium nitrate and sodium selenite as precursors. Hydrazine hydrate and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid were used as the capping agent to control the size of the nanoparticles. As their size decreases to their Bohr radius (usually around a few nanometers), all electronic properties change, and equally important, become dependent on size. In this size, a semiconductor nanoparticle transition occurs in which the electrons and holes are confined beyond their natural Bohr radius. The properties become dependent not only on size, but also on shape. The crystalline nature and particle size of the samples were characterized by Powder X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The morphology of prepared CdSe nanoparticles was studied by scanning electron microscope. Dielectric studies were carried out for the pelletized sample of CdSe nanoparticles. The ac conductivity of CdSe nanoparticle has been studied. The obtained results are discussed.

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Section: Electrical Conductivity Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric Properties of Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) Nanoparticles synthesized by solvothermal method

2013

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“…It has been known for some time that by adding high permittivity (high k) materials, particularly ceramics, to polymers and epoxy resins that the permittivity of the blend of materials will be higher than that of the original polymer or epoxy alone [13][14][15][16][17][18]. A number of models have been proposed which describe the effective permittivity (ε eff ) of the composite material and a few of which are presented and compared below.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Route to enhance the efficiency of organic photovoltaic solar cells - by adding ferroelectric nanoparticles to P3HT/PCBM admixture

2014

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We have demonstrated that by adding ferroelectric nanoparticles to poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) photovoltaic devices the relative efficiency can be increased compared to the same blend without these nanoparticles. In this work samples of 20 mg/ml concentrations of P3HT and PCBM were prepared in a 1:1 ratio and the samples prepared using ferroelectric barium titanate (BT) and strontium titanate (ST) nanoparticles in a 1:1:0.5 ratio. The samples were spin coated onto ITO coated glass with a layer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). A top electrode of aluminium 1 cm 2 was deposited. The current-voltage characteristics of the devices were determined using a solar simulator and the absorption characteristics by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The samples with BT and ST exhibited increased absorption around 490 nm and increased open circuit voltage and short circuit current compared to the control P3HT/PCBM sample. The possible mechanism that helps to understand the increase in open circuit voltage and short circuit current is also proposed in this work.

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“…Most materials that are used for energy storage applications have either a high permittivity and relatively low breakdown strength or a comparably low permittivity and higher breakdown strength, as is the case for some polymers and amorphous materials. 8) The challenge is to simultaneously achieve a moderately high permittivity with high breakdown strength, while maintaining a low loss tangent under high electric fields. Figure 1 (after Sherrit 9) ) shows the energy storage density of ideal (a) linear dielectric, (b) ferroelectric, (c) relaxor, and (d) antiferroelectric materials; the shaded area of the polarizationelectric field hysteresis curve is the energy storage density.…”

Section: )3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ceramic particles provide a component with a higher dielectric constant, while the polymer matrix is intended to provide high breakdown strength. 8) The ratio between the two materials must be carefully controlled; if an insufficient concentration of particles is used, the material will not have a large dielectric constant, and if the concentration of particles is too high, a pathway for current through the material will be introduced. 12), 13) For example, at an optimized volume fraction of 22.5% barium titanate powder dispersed in a silicone elastomer (Sylgard184μ, Dow Corning, Midland, MI) the permittivity of the composite approximately doubled, while the breakdown strength of the material remained approximately equal to that of the pure elastomer.…”

Section: )3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Amorphous-nanocrystalline lead titanate thin films for dielectric energy storage

Michael

Trolier-McKinstry

2014

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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Many high permittivity crystalline dielectric thin films have a low breakdown strength, which is unfavorable for dielectric energy storage devices. In contrast, many amorphous linear dielectrics have much lower permittivities but larger breakdown strengths. Here, composite thin films with nanocrystalline particles in an amorphous matrix were explored to increase the stored energy density of dielectrics. For this purpose, thin films of lead-rich lead titanate, Pb 1.1 TiO 3.1 , were fabricated via chemical solution deposition and heat-treated at temperatures¯400°C. Transmission electron microscopy indicated the presence of dense lead oxide nanocrystals in an amorphous lead titanate network. The films exhibit a relative permittivity of 32.6 and a low dielectric loss of 0.0008. The leakage current is approximately 10 ¹8 A/cm 2 , with a DC breakdown strength between 2 and 3 MV/cm. The 1 kHz breakdown strength exceeds 5 MV/cm. At an electric field of 5 MV/cm and a measurement frequency of 1 kHz, the maximum in energy storage density was ³28 J/cm 3 . These properties suggest that nanocomposite Pb 1.1 TiO 3.1 films may be a suitable candidate for integration into energy storage devices.

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Polymer Composite and Nanocomposite Dielectric Materials for Pulse Power Energy Storage

Cited by 705 publications

References 99 publications

Dielectric Properties of Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) Nanoparticles synthesized by solvothermal method

Dielectric Properties of Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) Nanoparticles synthesized by solvothermal method

Route to enhance the efficiency of organic photovoltaic solar cells - by adding ferroelectric nanoparticles to P3HT/PCBM admixture

Amorphous-nanocrystalline lead titanate thin films for dielectric energy storage

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