Polymer Degradation and the Matching of FR Chemistry to Degradation

Price, Dennis; Horrocks, A. Richard

doi:10.1201/9781420084009-c2

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…However, PP-wool-APP composites did not have any noticeable change of the curve. It should be noted that wool plays an important role in forming an effective and rigid char barrier to heat and pyrolysis process between the external flame and the sample, resulting from dehydration and cross-linking of wool during combustion [7]. Carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) yields, the two major gaseous species under combustion, are also demonstrated in Table 1.…”

Section: Cone Calorimeter Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The PP-wool composite without APP, Fig. 11(a), shows an interlinked acid residue formed by cross-linking of the alphasubstituent of wool [7]. The composite including wool and APP formed highly compact and homogeneous structure of char.…”

Section: Char Formationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Moreover, the inherent low flammability is a desirable property of wool compared to those of many other natural fibres. Relatively high contents of nitrogen and sulphur (3e4 wt%), high ignition temperature (570e600 C), low heat of combustion (4.9 kcal/g) and high limiting oxygen index (25.2%) contribute to the natural fire resistance of wool [7,8]. Cross-linking and dehydration tendency of sulphur-containing amino acids in wool can improve char formation under combustion, making wool fibres not melting and dripping [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effects of wool fibres, ammonium polyphosphate and polymer viscosity on the flammability and mechanical performance of PP/wool composites

Kim

Lin

Bhattacharyya

2015

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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Section: Cone Calorimeter Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Char Formationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of wool fibres, ammonium polyphosphate and polymer viscosity on the flammability and mechanical performance of PP/wool composites

Kim

Lin

Bhattacharyya

2015

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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“…The high sulfur content (3-4%) present in cysteine and high nitrogen content (15-16%) play an important role in fire-retardant properties of wool [69]. Cleavage of the disulfide bond under combustion followed by oxidation of cysteine might be major reaction to determine flammability of wool [70].…”

Section: Animal Fibers and Flammabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural fibers

Bhattacharyya

Subasinghe

Kim

2015

Multifunctionality of Polymer Composites

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“…Also, relatively high concentrations of sulfur (3 -4 wt.%) and nitrogen (15 -16 wt.%). Amino acid groups contribute to wool flammability [11]. Despite its advantages, the disposal of by-products from wool waste, especially raw wool with poor quality from coarse wool or agricultural farm breeding, is estimated at three million tons per year, causing serious environmental and economic problems [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi-static crush behaviour of environmentally friendly kenaf/wool epoxy composites elliptical tube

Alkateb¹,

Sapuan²,

Leman³

et al. 2018

J. MECH. ENG. SCI.

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This current study is to investigate the behaviour of the kenaf/wool natural fibre. Reinforced composite elliptical cones with different content of fibre for each of the two types separately in absorbing energy and the load capacity, the lack studies about the composite elliptical tube, our focus was on this shape of shells of effect content of fibre for each of the two types separately. Various fibre contents were considered, including 30 wt%, 35 wt% and 40 wt%. The composite elliptical tubes were subjected to an axial quasi-static crushing test to achieve the study objectives; the methodology has been divided into three main sections concerning the problem statement, the first section is the mandrels preparation; the second section is specimen's fabrication process and finally is the crushing test. This study concerns the usage of the composite elliptical tube as a collapsible energy absorbing device within an automobile structure, which is supported at the distal end (i.e. the point of attachment) by a stronger structure and is designed to behave in a manner more similar to the quasi-static axial regular progressive mode. Therefore, quasi-static axial compression tests were performed on the tubes using INSTRON universal servohydraulic testing machine. The materials used in this study are polymer resin and kenaf/wool fibres. Environmentally friendly kenaf and wool fibre were used in this study due to several advantages such as environmentally benign, lightweight, low cost, no health risk, and availability. Results showed that including 30 wt% has a higher value of load-caring capacity and energy-absorption capability than including 35wt% and including 40 wt%. The results also show that the wool fibre has a higher value of load-carrying capacity and energy-absorption capability than kenaf fibre.

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Polymer Degradation and the Matching of FR Chemistry to Degradation

Cited by 16 publications

References 73 publications

Effects of wool fibres, ammonium polyphosphate and polymer viscosity on the flammability and mechanical performance of PP/wool composites

Effects of wool fibres, ammonium polyphosphate and polymer viscosity on the flammability and mechanical performance of PP/wool composites

Natural fibers

Quasi-static crush behaviour of environmentally friendly kenaf/wool epoxy composites elliptical tube

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