Polymer diodes with high rectification

Roman, Lucimara S.; Berggren, Magnus; Inganäs, Olle

doi:10.1063/1.125387

Cited by 102 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It is common to use a thin layer of LiF between the active layer and the cathode to improve the V oc in polymer solar cells. [5][6][7][8] The role of the submonolayer of LiF has been suggested to be that of protecting the organic layer during metal deposition, modifying the work function of the cathode, and/ or introducing a dipole at the cathode interface, affecting charge injection. [9][10][11][12][13] The possibility to use roll-to-roll printing techniques is the biggest advantage of polymer electronic devices compared with their inorganic counterparts.…”

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“…In all diodes, indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) are used as the bottom electrodes, and PEO/Al or Al are used as the top electrodes. The active layer is the mixing poly((2,7-(9-(2′-ethylhexyl)-9-hexyl-fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole))-co-(2,7-(9-(2′-ethylhexyl)-9-hexyl-fluorene)-alt-2,5-thiophene)) APFO-5(LBPF3), [22][23][24] and [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methylester (PCBM) in a stoichiometry of 1:4 (by weight). For comparison, all diodes were prepared and analyzed under the same conditions.…”

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Enhancing the Photovoltage of Polymer Solar Cells by Using a Modified Cathode

2007

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Inexpensive solar cells with a low energy budget are interesting due to the need for alternative energy sources in the future.[1] Organic solar cells may become a low-cost alternative to Si-based solar cells because they are low weight, flexible, and could be produced by roll-to-roll printing techniques for large-area deposition. [2][3][4] Polymer solar cells are still hindered by their low efficiency, measured by the multiplication of short-circuit current (J sc ), open-circuit voltage (V oc ), and fill factor (FF) under solar illumination. J sc depends on the optical and electrical properties of the active layer, such as, absorption spectrum and charge mobility. V oc is proportional to the energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the donor and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the acceptor, but also influenced by the work function difference between electrodes as well as the thickness of the active layers. It is hard to increase V oc and J sc simultaneously in polymer solar cells, because larger photocurrents require a low bandgap absorber for maximum overlap with the solar spectrum, but to enhance V oc a high bandgap absorber is needed. It is common to use a thin layer of LiF between the active layer and the cathode to improve the V oc in polymer solar cells. [5][6][7][8] The role of the submonolayer of LiF has been suggested to be that of protecting the organic layer during metal deposition, modifying the work function of the cathode, and/ or introducing a dipole at the cathode interface, affecting charge injection. [9][10][11][12][13] The possibility to use roll-to-roll printing techniques is the biggest advantage of polymer electronic devices compared with their inorganic counterparts. However, LiF is vapor deposited in vacuum and is impossible to use in printing techniques.In order to increase V oc recently many efforts have been made to build tandem cells. The V oc is increased by stacking two cells on top of each other. [14][15][16][17][18][19] However, the significant loss of J sc makes the overall performance lower than that of a single cell. [19] So far few polymer tandem cells give higher efficiency than single cells. [18] In addition, the procedure to build tandem cells is very complicated involving multilayer deposition both via a solution process and a vapor process in vacuum, [18,19] which is not easy in printing methods.Here, we report a simple method to increase the V oc up to 200 mV and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) by 50 %, by using a thin layer of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) to modify the cathode in polymer solar cells. It was reported that a thin layer of PEO between the active layer and the Al or LiF/Al cathode improves the performance of polymer light-emitting diodes (PLED).[20] An enhanced photocurrent of solar cells based on poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexoxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] by blending a small amount of PEO and LiCF 3 SO 3 into the active layer was also demonstrated. [21] In this Communication, we demonstrate that a thin layer o...

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Enhancing the Photovoltage of Polymer Solar Cells by Using a Modified Cathode

2007

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“…In order to fabricate organic diodes on top of the photopatterned resistor cells, we have introduced a commonly used p-type conjugated polymer, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Although P3HT and other conjugated polymers have been known to exhibit excellent schottky diode behaviour, [29][30][31] these materials have limited patternability and poor solvent resistance. This significantly hampers the ability to use them to fabricate organic diodes array on top of the patterned resistor cells.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adma201104266mentioning

confidence: 99%

All‐Organic Photopatterned One Diode‐One Resistor Cell Array for Advanced Organic Nonvolatile Memory Applications

et al. 2012

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“…It has been demonstrated that using an ITO surface coated with a buffer layer as the anode results in enhanced device performance [31]. The external quantum efficiency of polymer photovoltaic (PV) cells is greatly improved when PEDOT:PSS is used as a buffer layer [32].…”

Section: Transition Metal Oxides As Hole Buffer Layers In Organic Phomentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent Solar Cells Based on Organic Polymers

Huang¹,

Li²,

Li³

et al. 2010

Transparent Electronics

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Organic electronics carry several prominent advantages over inorganic semiconductors, including light weight, flexibility, low cost, being environmentally friendly and transparent. After two decades of development, organic light emitting diode (OLED) [1] devices have started to be an industry [2]. Polymer solar cell (PSC) research has achieved several breakthroughs [3][4][5][6] in the first few years of the 21st century. These fast improvements in performance have distinguished this technology as a promising costeffective alternative or complimentary technology to inorganic solar cells. The regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (RR-P3HT) [7,8] and [6,6]-phenyl C 60 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) [9] bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure [10, 11] is a representative system for high efficiency PSCs [4][5][6]. While an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of over 70% [4-6, 12, 13] has been achieved in these PSCs, approaching that of their inorganic semiconductor counterparts, limited absorption in the solar spectrum remains a major limitation to achieving high efficiency. For example, only $ 40% of the solar energy is in the wavelength range shorter than 650 nm -the cut-off wavelength of RR-P3HT. While pursuing high efficiency is important, PSCs can provide other useful applications with their intrinsic properties like flexibility and transparency. Transparent or more precisely translucent solar cells could transfer the disadvantages of PSCs into advantages and will enable energy generation in various applications such as window and portable electronics. In addition, transparent solar cells provide an approach to further enhance PSC efficiency.

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Polymer diodes with high rectification

Cited by 102 publications

References 23 publications

Enhancing the Photovoltage of Polymer Solar Cells by Using a Modified Cathode

Enhancing the Photovoltage of Polymer Solar Cells by Using a Modified Cathode

All‐Organic Photopatterned One Diode‐One Resistor Cell Array for Advanced Organic Nonvolatile Memory Applications

Transparent Solar Cells Based on Organic Polymers

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