Polymer electrolyte membranes based on <i>p</i>‐toluenesulfonic acid doped poly(1‐vinyl‐1,2,4‐triazole): Synthesis, thermal and proton conductivity properties

Özden, Şehmus; Celik, Sevim Uenueguer; Bozkurt, Ayhan

doi:10.1002/polb.21990

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…During the last decade proton conducting polymers have been extensively investigated for the application to fuel cells [2,3]. The most common polymer electrolyte membranes used in fuel cell applications are perfluorinated polymer membranes, e.g., the Nafion series from DuPont, and the Aciplex series from Asahi Chemical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although they exhibit excellent thermal, mechanical and electrochemical properties their commercialization to fuel cells is limited to some degree by certain disadvantages, such as high cost, high methanol permeability, and low proton conductivity at high temperature/low humidity conditions. Therefore, there has been a great deal of research in the development of alternative proton conducting membranes to the perfluorinated membranes [2][3][4][5][6]. It is therefore of interest to seek for different chemical environments that do not have these disadvantages and also allow for fast proton conduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and physical properties of (PVA)0.75(NH4Br)0.25(H2SO4)xM solid acid membrane

Sheha

2010

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and physical properties of (PVA)0.75(NH4Br)0.25(H2SO4)xM solid acid membrane

Sheha

2010

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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“…The most important characteristic of an ion‐exchange membrane for a fuel cell is proton conductivity. A commercial Nafion 212 membrane (DuPont) (Table 3, Figures 7 and 8) and membranes based on polyvinyltriazole with polystyrene sulfonic acid (PVT‐PSSA), 65 p‐toluenesulfonic acid (PVT‐PTSA), 64 and triflic acid (PVT‐TA) 67 were used as reference samples (Table 3). The impedance curves of the obtained membranes show that at higher temperature (from 30°C to 80°C) and humidity of 75%, their proton conductivity increases (Figures 7 and 8).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of new proton‐exchange membranes based on poly‐1‐vinyl‐1,2,4‐triazole doped with phenol‐2,4‐disulfonic acid

Лебедева

Pozhidaev

Raskulova

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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Poly-1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole (PVT) was synthesized in isolated yield by free radical polymerization of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole. The number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight of the synthesized PVT, determined by gel permeation chromatography, was 88 567 and 153 309 Da, respectively. PVT had a unimodal molecular weight distribution with a polydispersity coefficient of 1.7. Mixing PVT with phenol-2,4-disulfonic acid (PDSA) in the presence of a polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked with oxalic acid produces proton exchange membranes having different PVT:PDSA ratios. The composition and structure of the membranes were established by elemental analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). FT-IR and 15 N NMR studies have shown that the interaction of PVT with PDSA was accompanied by the formation of acid-base complexes due to proton transfer from PDSA to the triazole rings of PVT. Formation of acid-base complexes PVT-PDSA additionally stabilizes membranes and increases their thermal stability. The SEM study showed that the membrane surface was homogeneous. The properties of membranes, such as thermal and oxidative stability, ion-exchange capacity, proton conductivity, water uptake, and their mechanical properties, have been studied. The commercial membrane Nafion 212 was used as a comparison. The proton conductivity of membranes increases with an increase in the content of PDSA in their composition and for membranes 1-3 was 59.80, 7.30, 6.23 mS/cm, respectively. The activation energies for proton transfer across the membranes were 19.5, 21.6, and 38.2 kJ/mol for the membranes 1-3, respectively. Water uptake, ion-exchange capacity, and proton conductivity depend on the content of PDSA in the membrane. The membranes obtained were tested in a test cell of an ElectroChem hydrogen fuel cell (USA) at a temperature of 25 C with the supply of humidified hydrogen and air.

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“…Vinyl-1,2,4-triazole has previously been used to make proton conducting polymer membranes through combining poly(vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) with other polymers, such as poly(vinylphosphonic acid) and poly(styrenesulfonic acid), or by adding in acids such as triflic acid, p -toluenesulfonic acid, nitrilotri(methyltriphosphonic acid), or phosphoric acid . Copolymers of poly(vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) have been reported with 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, vinylphosphonic acid, 1-vinyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindole, , N -vinylcarbazole, and diisopropyl- p -vinylbenzyl phosphonate .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copolyampholytes Produced from RAFT Polymerization of Protic Ionic Liquids

et al. 2017

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Polyampholytic copolymers have been synthesized via reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of protic ionic liquid monomers. The monomers were prepared by acid−base proton exchange between acid and basic precursor conjugates, each containing one or more vinyl pendant groups. The polymerization, which was carried out without additional solvents present, led to high molecular weight glassy polymers, which were stable in the form of bulk viscous liquid ionic complexes. Various polyampholytes belonging to both linear and cross-linked families were prepared by judiciously varying the molecular structure of the acid precursor. Furthermore, by using solid-state NMR, the molecular arrangement of the polymeric backbone was identified, highlighting the presence of copolymers with both random and alternating copolymer chains which in the latter case involves a regularly alternating acid monomer, whereas the base occurs as a random sequence with the average and most probable number of monomers dictated by the stoichiometry used. The structural and mechanical properties of the resulting copolyampholytes were characterized by atomic force microscopy, peak-force quantitative nanomechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and small-angle X-ray scattering. These showed that the final polymers were essentially glassy and amorphous, with weak compositional fluctuations of the order of a few monomers and Young moduli in the range 1−3 GPa.

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Polymer electrolyte membranes based on p‐toluenesulfonic acid doped poly(1‐vinyl‐1,2,4‐triazole): Synthesis, thermal and proton conductivity properties

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

Preparation and physical properties of (PVA)0.75(NH4Br)0.25(H2SO4)xM solid acid membrane

Preparation and physical properties of (PVA)0.75(NH4Br)0.25(H2SO4)xM solid acid membrane

Synthesis and characterization of new proton‐exchange membranes based on poly‐1‐vinyl‐1,2,4‐triazole doped with phenol‐2,4‐disulfonic acid

Copolyampholytes Produced from RAFT Polymerization of Protic Ionic Liquids

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