Polymer film chemically modified electrode as a potentiometric sensor

Heineman, William R.; Wieck, Henry J.; Yacynych, Alexander M.

doi:10.1021/ac50052a031

Cited by 164 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…2a). This result was attributed to the film being also resistive, thus hindering further monomer oxidation and polymer deposition [4]. The cumulative deposited charge, and its conversion into percentage, from 15 cycles of CV scanning between 0 and +0.9 V are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Fabrication Of Ppd Membranementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Before we did this, we determined the actual surface area by following the method of Michri and Pshchenichnikov [38]; we calculated it using the charge amount of chemisorbed oxygen on a gold electrode in 0.5 M of H 2 SO 4 . As a result, we determined the actual area of the resulting gold surface to be 1.9 times as large as its geometric area.…”

Section: Fabrication Of Ppd Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To compare the measuring force curve of the Au electrode, the force curve of the hydrated PPD film was obviously observed a transitional area. The silicon nitride tip was chemically inert and measured the film in 10 mM PBS (pH 7.4), which decreases the protonization of PPD [4] and diminishes the double-layer effect [40]. As a result, the surface of the tip showed a slight negative charge and the PPD film had a slight positive charge in PBS.…”

Section: Film Thickness From Force Curvementioning

confidence: 99%

“…By using different electropolymerizing conditions, including monomer concentration, solvent conductivity, pH value, scanning-potential range, and applied scanning cycle, dif-ferent characteristics and functions of the conducting films can be obtained [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Differences in electropolymerized polymer film include thickness, surface roughness, pH response [4,5], electron-transfer kinetics [3,7], protection against metal corrosion [6], permselectivity for a dissolved species [2], and electrochromic properties [8]. Furthermore, the sensing efficiency of the sensor is related to the thickness of the electropolymerized polymer film.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating the thickness of hydrated ultrathin poly(o-phenylenediamine) film by atomic force microscopy

Chang

2004

Analytica Chimica Acta

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A novel method to measure ultrathin poly(o-phenylenediamine) (PPD) film electropolymerized on gold electrode in liquid was developed.It is based on the force versus distance curve (force curve) of atomic force microscopy (AFM). When 1-0.25 m/s was chosen as the rising rate of the scanner, and 50% of the confidence interval (CI) as the qualifying threshold value, the thickness of the hydrated polymer film could be calculated. This result was compared with one obtained from an AFM image. A step-like electrode fabricated by a photolithographic process was used. The height difference of the electrode before and after the PPD coating was imaged in liquid, and then the real thickness, 19.6 ± 5.2 nm, was obtained. The sample was also measured by estimating the transition range of the force curve of hydrated PPD film, and the thickness of the hydrated PPD film was determined to be 19.3 ± 8.2 nm. However, the results calculated by integrating the electropolymerized charge for the oxidation process of o-phenylenediamine (o-PD) was only one-third as large as it was when using the two previously described methods. This indicated that the structure of hydrated PPD film might have been swollen.

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Section: Fabrication Of Ppd Membranementioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Fabrication Of Ppd Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Film Thickness From Force Curvementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Estimating the thickness of hydrated ultrathin poly(o-phenylenediamine) film by atomic force microscopy

Chang

2004

Analytica Chimica Acta

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“…Much research has been also done in the field of chemically modified electrodes (CMEs). Such chemical modifications involve the strong binding (via irreversible adsorption, polymer coating, or covalent bonding) of a chemical reagent to the surface of an electrode in order to give some particular characteristics [10][11][12][13] .…”

Section: Award Review Article 2008 Shikata International Medalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow-injection Electrochemical Biosensors with Multiple Functions

Yao

2009

Rev. Polarogr.

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As analytical reagents, enzymes offer two characteristics of paramount importance: high selectivity (and occasionally specificity) and the capability of self-regeneration via the catalytic cycle. The first of these properties is widely recognized and used; the second normally requires the use of immobilized enzymes. In addition, if the immobilized enzymes are used in the flow systems, handling is minimized and reproducibility is enhanced. On the other hand, electrochemical detection eliminates many of the difficulties encountered in photometric detection, such as the overlap of adsorbing species and turbidity. Therefore, highly selective flow-sensor systems for biochemical analysis are proposed by coupling immobilized enzymes with electrochemical sensors. In principle, they can be divided into two types. The first of these types is the enzyme electrode in which the immobilized enzyme is in direct contact with the electrochemical sensor. In the second type, the enzyme, immobilized on a solid support (enzyme reactor), is incorporated in the flow line into which the analyte is injected and the product generated is detected with an electrochemical sensor downstream.A general view of these applications and recent developments is given here with the hope of providing a practical perspective of the use of enzymes in the various flow-injection systems.

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Amperometric Biosensor for Glucose Based on a Nanometer-Sized Microband Gold Electrode Coimmobilized with Glucose Oxidase and Poly(o-phenylenediamide)

Ju¹,

Zhou²,

Xiao³

et al. 1998

Electroanalysis

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A nanometer-sized (88 mm) microband gold electrode for glucose detection is described. These noble metal ultramicrosensors are prepared by electrochemical copolymerization of o-phenylenediamide (PDA) and glucose oxidase at the nanometer-sized electrodes. Electropolymerization conditions of PDA at the microband surface are optimized. The current can rapidly (3s) reach a steady value upon the potential step from 0 to þ0.6 V without stirring the solution. The permselectivity characteristics of polymer can eliminate the interference of ascorbic acid. The amperometric response to glucose shows a linear relation in the range of 0.5 mM to about 10 mM with the correlation coefficient of 0.9993. With further increasing of glucose concentration an obvious Michaelis-Menten's response can be observed. The maximum steady current density is ca. 4.4 Ϯ 0.2 mA/cm 2 and the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant is 21.1 Ϯ 0.2 mM.

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Polymer film chemically modified electrode as a potentiometric sensor

Cited by 164 publications

References 20 publications

Estimating the thickness of hydrated ultrathin poly(o-phenylenediamine) film by atomic force microscopy

Estimating the thickness of hydrated ultrathin poly(o-phenylenediamine) film by atomic force microscopy

Flow-injection Electrochemical Biosensors with Multiple Functions

Amperometric Biosensor for Glucose Based on a Nanometer-Sized Microband Gold Electrode Coimmobilized with Glucose Oxidase and Poly(o-phenylenediamide)

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