Polymer Fundamentals: Polymer Synthesis

Hasırcı, Vasıf; Huri, Pinar Yilgor; Endoğan, Tuğba; Eke, Gözde; Hasırcı, Nesrin

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-055294-1.00034-9

Cited by 26 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The molecular structure of polyethylene chain contains connected tetrahedral sp 3 hybridized C atoms and it can be viewed as an extension of the covalently bound molecule ethane. Thus, in this case, the chemical structure of the repeat unit is different from the structure of ethylene monomer from which the polymer is produced.…”

Section: ) 1 Polymer Chemistry and Synthetic Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymer Chemistry and Synthetic Polymers

Parisi

Curcio

Puoci

2014

Advanced Polymers in Medicine

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Polymers are macromolecules derived by the combination of one or more chemical units (monomers) that repeat themselves along the molecule. The IUPAC Gold Book defines a polymer as "A molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass." Several ways of classification can be adopted depending on: their source (natural and synthetic), their structure (linear, branched and crosslinked), the polymerization mechanism (step-growth and chain polymers) and molecular forces (Elastomers, fibres, thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers). In this chapter, the molecular mechanisms and kinetic of polymer formation reactions were explored and particular attention was devoted to the main polymerization techniques. Finally, an overview of the most employed synthetic materials in biomedical field is performed.

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Section: ) 1 Polymer Chemistry and Synthetic Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kinetic chain length ν is defined as the number of monomer molecules used per active center and it is represented as R p /R i = R p /R t [3]:…”

Section: Degree Of Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Chemistry and Synthetic Polymers

Parisi

Curcio

Puoci

2014

Advanced Polymers in Medicine

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“…Degree of polymerization is length of polymer chain which is specified by repeating unit in chains. [3] www.wjpps.com Vol 6, Issue 8, 2017. 786…”

Section: Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are formed by reaction of monomers containing either carbon-carbon double bond or have two active functional group or difunctionality. [3] Based on above considerations polymers are synthesized by various methods like 1) condensation polymerization 2) free radicle addition polymerization or chaingrowth polymerization 3) non-radicle addition polymerization 4) copolymerization.…”

Section: World Journal Of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods, Types and Applications of Pharmaceutical Polymers

Shinde¹

2017

WJPPS

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“…During the extraction process of propolis constituents, the solvent carries a smaller amount of substances and a greater part is to be dissolved, constituting the residue or (BP) that is not utilized and normally disposed (Bruschi et al, 2002). However, BP possesses in its composition several substances such as wax, resins and gums, which may be important in the development of micro/nanostructured compounds (Bruschi et al, 2003;Hasirci et al, 2011;Sulaiman et al, 2011;Bodini et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceutical films made from the waste material from the preparation of propolis extracts: development and characterization

Toledo

Bavato

Rosseto

et al. 2015

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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This study investigated the development and characterized the physicochemical properties of films obtained from by-products (BP) from the preparation of propolis extracts. Films were produced in the presence and absence of a polymeric adjuvant (gelatin or ethylcellulose) and propylene glycol by a solvent casting method. Density, surface topography by scanning electron microscopy, mechanical properties (folding endurance, tensile strength and percentage elongation), water vapour permeability (WVP), moisture uptake capacity, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were determined. The films were a transparent, light greenishyellow colour, with a uniform surface, and were flexible and easy to handle. The thickness and density of the preparations indicated that the compounds were homogeneously dispersed throughout the film. Mechanical properties were influenced by the film composition; films containing gelatin were more resistant to stress, while those containing ethylcellulose were more flexible. Increasing the adjuvant concentration decreased the elasticity and the rupture resistance, but increased the moisture uptake capacity and WVP of the formulations. BP was thermally stable as were the films. FTIR tests suggested interactions between BP and the adjuvants. This work could contribute to the utilization of BP to prepare films for food and pharmaceutical uses Uniterms: Propolis/byproducts. Propolis/use of waste material/films development. Films/propolis byproducts/physicochemical properties. Polymers. Ethylcellulose. Gelatin.Este estudo investigou o desenvolvimento e as características físico-químicas de filmes obtidos com o resíduo (BP), normalmente descartado, advindo da preparação de extratos de própolis. Os filmes foram produzidos com e sem adjuvantes poliméricos (gelatina ou etilcelulose) e propilenoglicol, pelo método de evaporação de solvente. Foram determinadas a densidade, a topografia de superfície usando microscopia eletrônica de varredura, as propriedades mecânicas (resistência à dobra, tensão e elongação), transmissão de vapor de água (WVP), capacidade de absorção de umidade, termogravimetria, calorimetria exploratória diferencial e espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR). Os filmes demonstraram coloração verde-amarelada, transparência, uniformidade de superfície, homogeneidade, flexibilidade e fácil manuseio. A espessura e a densidade das preparações indicaram que os compostos estavam dispersos de forma homogênea. As propriedades mecânicas foram influenciadas pela composição dos filmes e aqueles que continham gelatina apresentaram-se mais resistentes enquanto os compostos por etilcelulose demonstraram maior flexibilidade. Com o aumento da concentração polimérica, a resistência e a elasticidade diminuíam, porém aumentou a capacidade de absorção de água e a WVP das formulações. BP apresentou estabilidade térmica assim como os filmes. Os testes de FTIR sugeriram interações entre o BP e os adjuvantes utilizados. Es...

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Polymer Fundamentals: Polymer Synthesis

Cited by 26 publications

References 21 publications

Polymer Chemistry and Synthetic Polymers

Polymer Chemistry and Synthetic Polymers

Methods, Types and Applications of Pharmaceutical Polymers

Pharmaceutical films made from the waste material from the preparation of propolis extracts: development and characterization

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