Polymer Gels for Conformance Treatments: Propagation of Cr(III) Crosslinking Complexes in Porous Media

Bartošek, Martin; Mennella, A.; Lockhart, T.P.; Emilio, Causin; Rossi, Elio; Passucci, Claudio

doi:10.2523/27828-ms

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Potential solutions include fracturing, shutting-in existing wells and drilling alternative laterals, local drainholes and gel injection. Gel treatments 47 have had mixed success to date, mainly because of uncertainties in exactly where to inject the gelling fluid or to what depth and due to the lack of control over exactly where the gel flows to in the reservoir before it sets. Sometimes oil zones become blocked as well as water zones or improvements in oil productivity are transient as injected water eventually bypasses both the gel barriers and the oil.…”

Section: Suite Of Cost-effective Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Road Ahead to Real-Time Oil and Gas Reservoir Management

Smith

Maitland

1998

Chemical Engineering Research and Design

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The aim of this paper is to provide a vision of how the processes and materials used to extract hydrocarbons from underground reservoirs might evolve over the next decade or so, in order to stimulate and provide signposts for the research and development which is needed to meet the industry's future needs. The target is to double the recovery of hydrocarbon in place from today's typical values of 30-40%. This will require real-time reservoir management, for which the ability to simulate, monitor and control all the key processes that take place within the reservoir and production system is a fundamental requirement. A particular emphasis is placed on the role to be played by chemical and process engineering. Existing exploration and production practices are summarized and possible scenarios described for the way in which the enabling technology and engineering might evolve. This is done by presenting a series of technology roadmaps and cartoon future scenarios for four technology packages that together have the potential to enable a new era in productivity. Oil and gas wells can be likened to high pressure, high temperature tubular reactors, whose geometry and sophistication is becoming increasingly complex. It is envisaged that the oil reservoir of the future will evolve towards a subterranean factory of interconnecting drainholes, whose overall efficiency in producing saleable products will be determined by the way that its individual production units are deployed and coupled in the light of market needs. Linked to improved understanding of the regional geology, optimising the downhole factory productivity will enable the operators to reduce significantly their investment risks and substantially increase worldwide recovery rates.

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Section: Suite Of Cost-effective Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Road Ahead to Real-Time Oil and Gas Reservoir Management

Smith

Maitland

1998

Chemical Engineering Research and Design

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“…However, as the experimental times became longer and longer near the gel point; shear viscosity measurements would result in large stains which destroy the evolving microstructure (mechanically induced anti-gelation). Numerous researchers 15,25,43 have investigated the effects of shear on the gelation process. In light of these results, the next step in our experiment was to avoid as much as possible to disrupt the evolution of the gel network during the rheological measurements.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it follows the Arrhenius equation. The effect of temperature on gelation kinetics for the system HPAm/Cr(III) has been widely studied in laboratory, details of those studies are given elsewhere 6,12,16,[23][24][25][26][27][28] . Another important variable that has a complex influence on the rate of gelation is the pH of the polymer solution.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Crosslinked Gel Kinetics and Gel Strength Using NMR

Romero‐Zerón

Manalo

Kantzas

2004

SPE International Symposium and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control

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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractHighly crosslinked gels are used in high-permeability reservoirs to achieve good fluid-loss control during well completion and workover operations. Crosslinked gels are also commonly used for shutting off unwanted gas and/or water influx into production wells, and for improving the conformance of the near wellbore injection profile in naturally fractured or in high-permeability reservoirs. In all such applications, the appropriate design of the gel treatment is critical to ensure an efficient gel placement. One important variable of the gel application design is the rheology of the gel system for establishing the crosslinking kinetics and the gel strength after gelation is complete. Rheology of gels and gelation rates are commonly determined by rheological methods or in a qualitative mode through bottle testing using a well-known gel strength code (i.e., the Sydansk's Code). The rheological measurements can be both time consuming and expensive, while bottle testing can lead to an inconsistent gel description as a result of the subjective nature of the gel strength code. This paper describes the use of low field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR0 to monitor gelation rates and to characterize gel strength. This technique provides fast and accurate gel strength characterization and gelation monitoring. Through calibration with polymer concentration, crosslinker concentration, aging of gels, and the effect of brine, it is possible to predict NMR parameters. This then allows for a standardized method for the rheological categorization of gels. The results of this work present the correlation between the NMR spectra, rheological measurements, and the qualitative codification of gel strength. Introduction Gels are swollen polymer networks possessing both the cohesive properties of solids and the diffusive transport properties of liquids. If some of the bonds holding the gel network together can "make-and-break", the gel is called reversible. If the bonds do not dissociate, the gel is called permanent. A permanent gel tends to carry the history of its formation in its structure, and it is best described as a crosslinked system of clusters. Clusters range from small, starlike molecules to large heavily cross-linked, and fairly concentrated microgel cores 1 . Water-based gels are obtained by crosslinking linear flexible water soluble polymers using transition metal ions. These gels are highly elastic with a water content (98% to 99%) trapped in the three-dimensional polymer structure of the gel 2 . Waterbased gels exhibit a wide range of static and dynamic physical properties that make them suitable for numerous applications in the oil and gas industry 3 , such as plugging off lost circulation zones during drilling operations, hydraulic fracturing for stimulating the production of oil and gas formations, controlling excessive water and gas production problems, and plugging depleted wells at the end of the economic life 4,5 . Currently, the most widely used polymer gel-formi...

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“…It is very meaningful to study the effect of shear on the gelant. There has been some research on the effect of shear on gelation time, application performances and re-formation after shear [8][9][10][11][12]. This was conducted under the condition of static gelation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Gelation of HPAM/Cr(III) under Shear in an Agitator and Porous Media

Wang

Zhang³

et al. 2013

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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and available online here Cet article fait partie du dossier thématique ci-dessous publié dans la revue OGST, Vol. 70, n°6, pp. 909-1132 et téléchargeable ici D o s s i e rOil & Gas Science and Technology -Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles, Vol. 70 (2015), No. 6, pp. 909-1132 Copyright © 2015, IFP Energies nouvelles > Editorial -Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), Asphaltenes and HydratesÉditorial -EOR «récupération assistée du pétrole», Asphaltènes et Hydrates D. Langevin and F. Baudin ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR) > HP-HT Drilling Mud Based on Environmently-Friendly Fluorinated ChemicalsBoues de forage HP/HT à base de composés fluorés respectueux de l'environnement Re´sume´-Ge´lification dynamique de HPAM/Cr(III) sous cisaillement dans un agitateur et en milieu poreux -La fermeture des eaux et le controˆle du profil constituent l'une des technologies les plus importantes pour l'ame´lioration de la re´cupe´ration du pe´trole. Afin d'assurer le succe`s de cette technologie, la cle´est de de´terminer pre´cise´ment le temps de ge´lification et la re´sistance du gel au cours de l'e´coulement du gel en milieu poreux. Le syste`me HPAM (Hydrolyzed PolyAcrylaMide) et le syste`me redox (bichromate de sodium et sulfite de sodium) sont commune´ment utilise´s ; leur temps de ge´lification statique en ampoules et en milieu poreux ont e´te´de´termine´s, ainsi que le temps de ge´lification dynamique dans un agitateur et en milieu poreux. Le taux de cisaillement a e´te´conside´re´comme l'un des principaux facteurs affectant le temps de ge´lification. Les re´sultats ont montre´que le temps de ge´lification statique en milieu poreux e´tait bien plus long que celui en ampoules. Le temps de ge´lification initial (IGT) en milieu poreux e´tait deux ou trois fois plus e´leve´que celui en ampoules, alors que le temps de ge´lification final en milieu poreux e´tait de six fois celui en ampoules. Sous cisaillement dans un agitateur, le proce´de´de ge´lification a e´te´divise´en quatre phases : induction, augmentation brusque, stabilite´et diminution. Avec l'augmentation du taux de cisaillement, le temps de ge´lification a e´te´prolonge´et la re´sistance du gel a diminue´. Un taux de cisaillement critique de la ge´lification a e´te´observe´, au-dessus duquel aucun gel ne se formait. Le cisaillement n'avait quasiment aucune influence sur la re´sistance du gel au cours du stade d'induction, mais dans le proce´de´d'augmentation brusque, le cisaillement pouvait rapidement de´grader la re´sistance du gel. Le temps de ge´lification dynamique en milieu poreux e´tait bien plus long que celui de la ge´lification statique en milieu poreux et en ampoules. Lorsque les concentrations de HPAM et de RS (Redox System) e´taient augmente´es, l'IGT de la ge´lification dynamique en milieu poreux e´tait re´duit.Abstract -Dynamic Gelation of HPAM/Cr(III) under Shear in an Agitator and Porous MediaWater shutoff and profile control is one of the most important technologies to enhance oil recovery. To ensure the success of this technology, the key is to accurately determine...

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Polymer Gels for Conformance Treatments: Propagation of Cr(III) Crosslinking Complexes in Porous Media

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

The Road Ahead to Real-Time Oil and Gas Reservoir Management

The Road Ahead to Real-Time Oil and Gas Reservoir Management

Characterization of Crosslinked Gel Kinetics and Gel Strength Using NMR

Dynamic Gelation of HPAM/Cr(III) under Shear in an Agitator and Porous Media

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