Polymer membrane electrodes

Baum, Gerald L.; Lynn, Merrill

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(01)82506-x

Cited by 29 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As expected, the ionophore‐based K + electrode showed generally much higher selectivity (about two orders of magnitude) than the ion‐exchanger type. The selectivity coefficients obtained here are consistent with the reported values in K + ISEs with the same type of ionophore (valinomycin) [21] and ion‐exchanger (TClPB − ) [22, 23]. In the NO 3 − ISE, Cl − ions exhibited the highest interference among the ions evaluated, while high selectivity was obtained against H 2 PO 4 − and SO 4 2− .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Miniature Ion‐selective Electrodes with Mesoporous Carbon Black as Solid Contact

Zhang

Papautsky

2021

Electroanalysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Herein, we demonstrated miniature solid‐contact ion‐selective electrodes (ISEs) using a commercial mesoporous carbon black (MCB) as ion‐to‐electron transducer. MCB is attractive in its high surface area, good conductivity, relative low cost and availability. ISEs for potassium (K+) and nitrate (NO3−) ions were prepared by subsequently coating the sealed glass capillaries (1.5 mm) with MCB and ion‐selective membranes. Addition of MCB substantially stabilized electrode response by providing adequate double‐layer capacitance and lowering resistance by more than 100× compared to the coated‐wire electrodes. The electrodes exhibited near‐Nernstian slopes of 59.6 (K+ ionophore), 57.8 (K+ ion‐exchanger) and −54.8 (NO3− ion‐exchanger) with standard solutions in the range of 10−5 to 10−1 M. Fast response (∼10 s) and reproducible sensitivities were also obtained in a mixed electrolyte containing interfering ions, although with a baseline drift of 2–10 mV/day in the long term. Importantly, the electrodes can be simply stored in air between measurements and used directly without conditioning in solutions. With simple fabrication and free maintenance, these sensors offer a low cost and convenient alternative to bulk ISEs, especially when sample volumes or space are limited.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Miniature Ion‐selective Electrodes with Mesoporous Carbon Black as Solid Contact

Zhang

Papautsky

2021

Electroanalysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Valinomycin electrodes were shown to be of use for measurements in blood serum and were soon commercialized, initially even without a change of the membrane solvent. , However, PVC-based solvent polymeric membrane electrodes followed soon − as well as coated wire ISEs, silicone rubber membranes (log (SSM): 51 H + , −4.4; Li + , −4.3; Na + , −4.0; Rb + , +0.6; Cs + , −0.2; NH 4 + , −1.8; Mg 2+ , −4.3; Ca 2+ , −4.2; Sr 2+ , −4.2; Ba 2+ , −3.8; silicone rubber) ,− and tubes, fluorosilicone, PVC-OH (for references to this polymer see refs and ), polyurethane (log (SSM): H + , −1.8; Li + , −3.4; Na + , −3.2; Mg 2+ , −3.3; Ca 2+ , −4.2; KTpClPB, DOS, photocurable polyurethane), , cellulose acetate, methacrylate−acrylate, decyl methacrylate−hexanedioldimethacrylate and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone- co -vinyl acetate) membranes, and microelectrodes. ,, The latter were the first K + -selective electrodes with membranes containing added anionic sites. They had much higher selectivities than previously used ionophore-free microelectrodes, whose selectivities were determined by the difference between the standard free energies of the primary and the interfering ions in the sample and in the membrane phases and were only slightly influenced by the membrane solvent . In 1990, an estimated 64 million valinomycin-based sensors were used .…”

Section: K+ Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They had much higher selectivities than previously used ionophore-free microelectrodes, whose selectivities were determined by the difference between the standard free energies of the primary and the interfering ions in the sample and in the membrane phases and were only slightly influenced by the membrane solvent. 330 In 1990, an estimated 64 million valinomycin-based sensors were used. 331 Almost 30 years after its introduction and despite a large number of new K + ionophores (see below), valinomycin is still the carrier most often used in clinical analyzers.…”

Section: K + Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carrier-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes and Bulk Optodes. 2. Ionophores for Potentiometric and Optical Sensors

1998

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

and 1991, respectively. He has been working in the field of chemical sensors since 1970. Further topics of his interest are spectroscopic databases, automatic spectra interpretation, and modeling of structure−property relationships. He has published over 180 papers and 7 books. Current activities in the fields of chemical sensors and computer-aided analytical chemistry are documented on the web page http://www/ceac.ethz.ch/pretsch/. His e-mail address is pretsch@ org.chem.ethz.ch.

show abstract

“…Effect of ion-pair concentration.-The type of the electrode response (cationic or anionic) and the selectivity of the electrode are determined by ion exchangers contained by the electrode membrane. 39 The ion pair incorporated into the membrane should have significant solubility in the membrane and sufficient lipophilicity to prevent leaching from the membrane into the sample solution. 40 Furthermore, the lipophilicity of ion pairs greatly contributes to decreasing the specific resistance of the membrane or makes it with low impedance because they dissociate substantially into the membrane medium.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying the Effect of Membrane Thickness on the Performance of Green ISE-Potentiometric Sensors: Application to Ritodrine HCl and Its Active Impurity, Tyramine

Saad

Naguib

Draz

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Factors affecting the performance of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) based ISE were recently the scope of study by several researchers; however, no enough data has related to the thickness of the PVC membrane to performance characteristics and sensitivity of sensors. The current work introduces an ecofriendly experimental approach to evaluate the effect of membrane composition including ion exchanger and plasticizer along with thickness on the performance of a PVC sensor for determination of a tocolytic selective ß 2 -agonist; ritodrine HCl (RTH), in presence of its active impurity, tyramine. Thirteen different PVC membranes were prepared by varying the content of ion exchanger types and amounts constructing different thickness to address their effect on their performance characteristics. A comparative study was held among the fabricated sensors for determination of RTH in pharmaceutical dosage form, and biological fluids including human plasma and urine. It was found that the thickness of liquid membrane electrodes had a remarkable effect on the sensitivity of PVC based ion-selective electrode. The proposed sensors proved acceptable selectivity for RTH against tyramine and common inorganic species. The proposed technique presents a green alternative to reported ones by saving cost, time and effort, and yielding of the minimum amount of wastes.

show abstract

Polymer membrane electrodes

Cited by 29 publications

References 12 publications

Miniature Ion‐selective Electrodes with Mesoporous Carbon Black as Solid Contact

Miniature Ion‐selective Electrodes with Mesoporous Carbon Black as Solid Contact

Carrier-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes and Bulk Optodes. 2. Ionophores for Potentiometric and Optical Sensors

Studying the Effect of Membrane Thickness on the Performance of Green ISE-Potentiometric Sensors: Application to Ritodrine HCl and Its Active Impurity, Tyramine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About