Polymer nanocarbon materials as ion-to-electron transducers in solid-contact ion-selective electrodes

Abstract

Carbon nanoparticles materials in polymer modification have gained particular importance in modern potentiometric studies after they were discovered to be ion-to-electron transducers in solid-contact ionselective electrodes (SC-ISEs). This paper describes the preparation and comparative evaluation of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and Nafion membranes incorporated with light fullerene C60, single carbon nanotubes (SWC-NTs) and their mixture as transducer interlayers in the SC-ISE based on the ion-sensing PVC-membrane containing a high lipophilic 2-[bis-octadecyl sulfonic)-closo-decaborate anion. The best electroanalytical performance was achieved for the sensor fabricated with the transducer made by combining two transducing layers, a Nafion film modified with fullerene C60 and a plasticized PVC film modified with SWCNTs-C60 hybrid filler, which were sequentially applied onto the substrate carbositall electrode surface. The test results showed that the newly prepared a layer-by-layer SC-ISE is suitable for the sensitive determination of local anesthetics and some other protonable nitrogen-containing drugs. KEYWORDS nanocarbon-doped polymers, fullerene C60/SWCNTs, solid-contact ion-selective electrode, ionto-electron transducing materials, local anesthetics.

Recent advances in nanomaterial-based solid-contact ion-selective electrodes

“…Fullerenebased nanocomposites, owing to the high compatibility of fullerene with many materials, also serve as the solid contacts or membranes in SC-ISEs. 117,190,191 Over the past few years, a substantial number of studies on SC-ISEs focused on the exploration of novel nanocomposites tailored structures and features as solid contact transducer layers or ion-selective membranes for the sensing of various ions. 135,167,[192][193][194][195] Wearable SC-ISEs have attracted considerable interest for the non-invasive and real-time monitoring of ions.…”

Poly(vinyl chloride)/Nanocarbon Composites for Advanced Potentiometric Membrane Sensor Design

“…Our research focuses on using CNP-filled poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC) nanocomposites (PVC)/CNPs) as interfacial electron transfer layers in SC-PMSs [21,22]. We chose PVC as the host matrix material because of its many valuable properties, such as low cost, good processability, chemical stability, and low flammability [23].…”

“…SWCNTs possess a high aspect ratio, large surface area, good stability, and unique metallic or semiconducting electrical conductivity. These properties make them excellent candidates for the development of new sensors [21,[44][45][46][47]. As for zero-dimensional fullerene-C60, there are two fundamental ways to incorporate fullerenes into the polymer matrix: covalently or through complex bonding.…”

Composite “Crosslinked Polyvinyl Alcohol-Magnetite” as a Stimuli-Responsive Matrix for Optical Methods

“…Composite sorbents for the solid-phase extraction of metal ions [ 4 , 5 ], pesticides and insecticides [ 6 , 7 ], pharmaceutical substances [ 8 ], and toxins [ 9 , 10 ] with higher selectivity to target components compared to traditional synthetic and natural polymers have been proposed. Composite matrices are used in various chemical sensors, the response of which can be both electrochemical [ 11 , 12 ] and optical [ 13 , 14 ]. For example, for holographic sensor films and photonic crystals [ 15 , 16 , 17 ], swelling causes shifts in their Bragg diffraction, and the effective refractive index of the film also changes.…”