Polymer nanocomposites having a high filler content: synthesis, structures, properties, and applications

Abstract

The recent development of nanoscale fillers, such as carbon nanotube, graphene, and nanocellulose, allows the functionality of polymer nanocomposites to be controlled and enhanced. However, conventional synthesis methods of polymer nanocomposites cannot maximise the reinforcement of these nanofillers at high filler content. Approaches to the synthesis of high content filler polymer nanocomposites are suggested to facilitate future applications. The fabrication methods address design of the polymer nanocomposite architecture, which encompass one, two, and three dimensional morphology. Factors that hamper the reinforcement of nanostructures, such as alignment, dispersion of filler as well as interfacial bonding between filler and polymer are outlined. Using suitable approaches, maximum potential reinforcement of nanoscale filler can be anticipated without limitations in orientation, dispersion, and the integrity of the filler particle-matrix interface. High filler content polymer composites containing emerging materials such as 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (MXenes) are expected in the future.Graphical abstract: Approaches to the synthesis of high filler content polymer composites

Electromagnetic interference shielding properties of graphene quantum‐dots reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol)/polypyrrole blend nanocomposites

“…These results in improved EMI shielding efficiency due to the superior interactions occurred between the nanofiller and the intruding EM radiations. [71] A similar increase in EMI SE was recorded in the Ku-band region (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18), with the increase in GQDs loadings as depicted in Figure 9c-g. However, in this frequency regime, the maximum value of EMI SE is about 8.9 dB for 8 wt% of GQDs loading.…”

“…[15] Nanomaterials are highly suitable to be used as nanofillers for polymers, due to their immense characteristic ratios and well-tailored surfaces leading to the production of excellent polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). [17] PNCs reinforced with conductive nanofillers such as graphene, graphene quantum dots (GQDs), carbon black, and exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets, exhibiting higher dielectric constant, large specific surface area, high carrier mobility, and excellent thermal and electrical conductivity are suitable as shielding materials. [18][19][20][21] In the present work, the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and polypyrrole (PPy) were chosen as a polymeric material and GQDs were used as fillers.…”

Effect of hydroxyapatite filler concentration on mechanical properties of poly (methyl methacrylate) denture base

“…Increasing of filler loading leads to extensive filler agglomeration which remains in the matrix. Hence, a propagating crack possibly will occur as result of stress concentration and then easily leads to brittle failure [41,42]. It can be stated that the flexural modulus of PMMA/HA composite is affected as function of filler loading.…”

A critical review on erosion wear characteristics of polymer matrix composites

“…Nano filler reinforced composites are comparatively better than micro and macro for identical loading conditions due to their improved high degree of contact with the matrix which is termed as 'nano-effect' [90]. Inclusion of high amount of nano-fillers like carbon nanotubes, graphene etc, invest the polymer matrices with novel properties like high electrical conductivity, dielectric and mechanical properties, responses to certain stimuli like pH ,thermal and magnetic fields [91].…”