Polymer Nanoformulation of Sorafenib and All-Trans Retinoic Acid for Synergistic Inhibition of Thyroid Cancer

Li, Shijie; Dong, Shujun; Xu, Weiguo; Jiang, Yang; Li, Zhongmin

doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01676

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…It is a human undifferentiated TC cell line. Undifferentiated TC is a rare subtype of TC and accounts for only about 5% of all cases (64); it is unresponsive to conventional treatments such as radiotherapy or chemotherapy (65). Patients with undifferentiated thyroid cancer have been reported to have a poorer prognosis than DTC patients (64).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ASF1B: A Possible Prognostic Marker, Therapeutic Target, and Predictor of Immunotherapy in Male Thyroid Carcinoma

Qiu

Shi

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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BackgroundThyroid carcinoma (TC) is the most common malignant endocrine tumor worldwide. Several studies have documented that male patients with TC have a higher rate of metastasis and disease recurrence than female patients. However, the mechanism underlying this observation is not completely clear. The goal of our research was to investigate the potential key candidate genes and pathways related to TC progression in male patients at the molecular level.MethodsA total of 320 samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. Hub genes were screened out using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Survival analysis was used to identify hub genes associated with disease-free survival (DFS) rates. Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression (ESTIMATE) data were used to assess the relationship between hub genes and immune cell infiltration. The molecular mechanism and biological functions of hub genes were explored using RT-qPCR, Western blot, Cell Counting Kit-8 Assay, flow cytometry, Transwell assays, and scratch assays.ResultsForty-seven hub genes were identified, and the survival analysis demonstrated that anti-silencing function 1B (ASF1B) was the sole independent risk factor for poor DFS in male TC patients. Possible associations between the results from the ESTIMATE analysis showed that the ASF1B expression level was related to the ESTIMATE score, immune score, and T-cell regulatory (Treg) infiltration level. Through in vitro cell function experiments, we verified that knockdown of ASF1B inhibited KTC-1 cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis, and blocked cell cycle. The silencing of ASF1B reduced protein kinase B (AKT), phospho-AKT (p-AKT), and forkhead box p3 (FOXP3) in KTC-1 cells. Moreover, FOXP3 overexpression markedly restored the cell migration, invasion, and proliferation abilities repressed by ASF1B knockdown.ConclusionsOur results indicate that ASF1B can be considered a prognostic marker, therapeutic target, and predictor of immunotherapy response in male thyroid cancer patients. However, further in-depth studies are required to validate this finding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ASF1B: A Possible Prognostic Marker, Therapeutic Target, and Predictor of Immunotherapy in Male Thyroid Carcinoma

Qiu

Shi

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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“…Pegylated PLGA NPs were used to deliver a combination of sorafenib and all-trans retinoic acid as differentiating-promoting drugs into FTC133 cells and their xenografts in a BALB/c nude mouse model. Their intravenous injection resulted in lower toxicity than sorafenib that had not been encapsulated, and the expression of NIS and Tg increased as an indication of re-differentiation by retinoic acid [80]. Resveratrol, a polyphenol from plants such as grapes, induces differentiation and apoptosis of ATC cells.…”

Section: Organic Nanoparticles: Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles: Promising Auxiliary Agents for Diagnosis and Therapy of Thyroid Cancers

Frőhlich

Wahl

2021

Cancers

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Cancers of the endocrine system are rare. The majority are not highly malignant tumors. Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine cancer, with differentiated papillary and follicular tumors occurring more frequently than the more aggressive poorly differentiated and anaplastic TC. Nanoparticles (NP) (mainly mesoporous silica, gold, carbon, or liposomes) have been developed to improve the detection of biomarkers and routine laboratory parameters (e.g., thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroglobulin, and calcitonin), tumor imaging, and drug delivery in TC. The majority of drug-loaded nanocarriers to be used for treatment was developed for anaplastic tumors because current treatments are suboptimal. Further, doxorubicin, sorafenib, and gemcitabine treatment can be improved by nanotherapy due to decreased adverse effects. Selective delivery of retinoic acid to TC cells might improve the re-differentiation of de-differentiated TC. The use of carbon NPs for the prevention of parathyroid damage during TC surgery does not show a clear benefit. Certain technologies less suitable for the treatment of deeply located cancers may have some potential for unresectable anaplastic carcinomas, namely those based on low-intensity focused ultrasound and near-infrared irradiation. Although some of these approaches yielded promising results in animal studies, results from clinical trials are currently lacking.

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“…It involves the variation of the surface properties of the carrier shell by using hydrophilic polymer, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol or chitosan [118]. Currently, the use of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (DOXIL/Caelyx) represents an example of stealth DDS approved for clinic [119].…”

Section: Stealth Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this scenario, Li and coworkers developed poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PEG-PLGA) polymer micelles containing Sorafenib and ATRA [119] to ameliorate the current treatment of patients bearing Differentiated Thyroid Cancers (DTCs) that de-differentiate into more aggressive malignancies [120]. The Authors investigated the antitumor effects of the micelles in vitro and in vivo.…”

Section: Stealth Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Authors investigated the antitumor effects of the micelles in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the proposed formulation allowed prolonged circulation time, effective delivery to the tumor site and within the tumor cells, and controlled drug release [119]. Moreover, ATRA and Sorafenib were co-loaded with miR-542-3p in PEGylated Gelucire-based SLNs for gastric cancer treatment.…”

Section: Stealth Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Trends in ATRA Delivery for Cancer Therapy

et al. 2020

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All-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) is the most active metabolite of vitamin A. It is critically involved in the regulation of multiple processes, such as cell differentiation and apoptosis, by activating specific genomic pathways or by influencing key signaling proteins. Furthermore, mounting evidence highlights the anti-tumor activity of this compound. Notably, oral administration of ATRA is the first choice treatment in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) in adults and NeuroBlastoma (NB) in children. Regrettably, the promising results obtained for these diseases have not been translated yet into the clinics for solid tumors. This is mainly due to ATRA-resistance developed by cancer cells and to ineffective delivery and targeting. This up-to-date review deals with recent studies on different ATRA-loaded Drug Delivery Systems (DDSs) development and application on several tumor models. Moreover, patents, pre-clinical, and clinical studies are also reviewed. To sum up, the main aim of this in-depth review is to provide a detailed overview of the several attempts which have been made in the recent years to ameliorate ATRA delivery and targeting in cancer.

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Polymer Nanoformulation of Sorafenib and All-Trans Retinoic Acid for Synergistic Inhibition of Thyroid Cancer

Cited by 18 publications

References 41 publications

ASF1B: A Possible Prognostic Marker, Therapeutic Target, and Predictor of Immunotherapy in Male Thyroid Carcinoma

ASF1B: A Possible Prognostic Marker, Therapeutic Target, and Predictor of Immunotherapy in Male Thyroid Carcinoma

Nanoparticles: Promising Auxiliary Agents for Diagnosis and Therapy of Thyroid Cancers

Current Trends in ATRA Delivery for Cancer Therapy

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