Polymer Optical Waveguide Grating-Based Biosensor to Detect Effective Drug Concentrations of Ginkgolide A for Inhibition of PMVEC Apoptosis

Abstract

In this work, we successfully developed a fluorinated cross-linked polymer Bragg waveguide grating-based optical biosensor to detect effective drug concentrations of ginkgolide A for the inhibition of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (PMVEC) apoptosis. Fluorinated photosensitive polymer SU-8 (FSU-8) as the sensing core layer and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as the sensing window cladding were synthesized. The effective drug concentration range (5–10 µg/mL) of ginkgolide A for inhibition of PMVEC apoptosis was analyzed and obtained by pharmacological studies. The structure of the device was optimized to be designed and fabricated by direct UV writing technology. The properties of the biosensor were simulated with various refractive indices of different drug concentrations. The actual sensitivity of the biosensor was measured as 1606.2 nm/RIU. The resolution and detection limit were characterized as 0.05 nm and 3 × 10−5 RIU, respectively. The technique is suitable for safe and accurate detection of effective organic drug dosages of Chinese herbal ingredients.

Electro-Optical Biosensor Based on Embedded Double-Monolayer of Graphene Capacitor in Polymer Technology

“…The optimization of the sensing area in the MZI allows increasing the sensitivity that can be achieved, because it allows strong confinement of the light in the general waveguide and a long penetration depth of the evanescent field in the sensing area. Our device was evaluated as a biosensor, presenting a bulk sensitivity of 2828 nm/RIU and a surface sensitivity of 2021.85 nm/RIU, both with a power V g = 20 V, demonstrating a sensitivity greater than that achieved by similar devices available from experimental results in the scientific literature [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52].…”

Advances in Waveguide Bragg Grating Structures, Platforms, and Applications: An Up-to-Date Appraisal

“…The direct UV writing approach was used to create a fluorinated co-polymer BG-based optical biosensor to determine effective solution concentrations of ginkgolide A for inhibiting PMVEC apoptosis [ 115 ]. The sensing polymer WG materials employed were low-loss FSU-8 and PMMA.…”

“…The grating-based biosensor’s true sensitivity was tested at 1606.2 nm/RIU. The detection limit was around 3 × 10 −5 RIU, and the resolution was 0.05 nm [ 115 ]. The 3D representation and the top view of the polymer BG device are presented in Figure 8 a,b, respectively.…”

“…Adapted with permission from [ 115 ], ( e ) spin-coat PMMA cladding. Adapted with permission from [ 115 ], ( f ) formation of the sensing window. Adapted with permission from [ 115 ], ( g ) biosensor chip.…”

“…Adapted with permission from [ 115 ], ( f ) formation of the sensing window. Adapted with permission from [ 115 ], ( g ) biosensor chip. Adapted with permission from [ 115 ].…”