Polymer parallel optical waveguide with graded-index rectangular cores and its dispersion analysis

Kosugi, Tomoya; Ishigure, Takaaki

doi:10.1364/oe.17.015959

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Since the two monomers are three-dimensionally crosslinked, and form a copolymer, the concentration distribution of the two monomers is fixed, which leads to the refractive index profile. Therefore, the index profiles are quite stable at higher temperatures compared to the dopant-based GI-core polymer waveguides we previously reported [6], [8].…”

Section: The Mosquito Methodsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Thus, the waveguides have stepindex (SI) type square cores, so that all the propagating modes are confined in the core with the total internal reflection scheme. On the other hand, we have been fabricating polymer waveguides with graded-index (GI) cores and have proven that these waveguides have higher performance in transmission than conventional SI-core waveguides [6][7][8]. However, the GI waveguides were fabricated by heat-drawing a preform [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, we have been fabricating polymer waveguides with graded-index (GI) cores and have proven that these waveguides have higher performance in transmission than conventional SI-core waveguides [6][7][8]. However, the GI waveguides were fabricated by heat-drawing a preform [6]. Therefore, it is difficult to apply a cross-linkable, high heat-resistance polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graded-index core polymer optical waveguide circuit fabricated using a microdispenser for high-density on-board optical interconnects

Soma

Ishigure

2013

SPIE Proceedings

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We introduce a simple photo-mask-free fabrication method of multimode polymer optical waveguides (PPOWs): "the Mosquito method" that utilizes a micro-dispenser. In the Mosquito method, a viscous monomer for cores is directly dispensed from a thin needle into a cladding monomer that is coated on a substrate. Because of the monomer diffusion, graded-index (GI) circular core is formed. By adjusting several parameters to control the core shape and diameter, 15-cm long, 40-m core diameter, with 125-m pitch GI-circular core PPOWs (12 channels) are successfully fabricated by the Mosquito method. We experimentally demonstrate superior optical properties of the GI-circular core polymer waveguides: connection loss with GI multimode fibers, inter-channel crosstalk, etc. to SI-square core polymer waveguides composed of the same silicone polymer materials.Furthermore, we fabricate GI-core PPOW circuits in which perpendicularly curved waveguides are involved by applying the Mosquito method. The curved PPOWs with a 250-m pitch are obtained successfully and the curve-radius is varied from 3 mm to 20 mm by adjusting the scanning program of the needle. The insertion loss of the curved waveguides is measured for evaluating the bending losses. The waveguide with lager curve-radius shows lower insertion loss, namely low bending loss. Additionally, it is experimentally confirmed that the curved waveguides with higher numerical aperture (NA = 0.30) fabricated utilizing a different silicone resin for the cladding exhibit a bending loss as low as 0.5 dB even under 3-mm curve radius. The Mosquito-method would be a promising method for realizing highspeed and high-density on-board optical interconnects.

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Section: The Mosquito Methodsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graded-index core polymer optical waveguide circuit fabricated using a microdispenser for high-density on-board optical interconnects

Soma

Ishigure

2013

SPIE Proceedings

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“…However, several constraints of this technology have yet to be overcome. Firstly, the vast majority of polymer waveguide fabrication methods are restricted to the production of step-index structures, which places a dispersion limit on how far a high speed optical signal can be sent before intersymbol interferences renders the signal irrecoverable, though there has been notable work in graded index polymer waveguide fabrication [5], [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedded planar glass waveguide optical interconnect for data centre applications

Pitwon¹,

Schröder

Brusberg

et al. 2013

SPIE Proceedings

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Electro-optical printed circuit boards (EOCB) based on planar multimode polymer channels are limited by dispersion in the step-index waveguide structures and increased optical absorption at the longer telecom wavelengths [1]. We present a promising technology for large panel EOCB based on holohedrally integrated glass foils. The planar multimode glass waveguides patterned into these glass foils have a graded-index structure, thereby giving rise to a larger bandwidthlength product compared to their polymer waveguide counterparts and lower absorbtion at the longer telecom wavelengths. This will allow glass waveguide based EOCBs to support the future bandwidth requirements inherent to large scale data centre and high performance computer subsystems while not incurring the same dispersion driven penalties on interconnect length or loss dependence on wavelength. To this end glass foil structuring technologies have been developed that are compatible with industrial PCB manufa cturing processes. Established processes as well as new approaches were analysed for their eligibility and have been applied to the EOCB process. In addition a connector system has been designed, which would allow optical pluggability to glass waveguide EOCBs

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“…For example, the estimated -3 dB bandwidth and bandwidth-length product (BLP) of the guides reported has been found to be 23 GHz (BLP: 57.5 GHz×m) for a 2.55 m long waveguide [29] and 150 GHz (BLP: 75 GHz×m) for a 51 cm long waveguide [30] under a single-mode fibre (SMF) launch. A larger value of 1.03 GHz (BLP: 90 GHz×m) for a 90 m long graded-index waveguide have been found under restricted launch [31]. These measurements however, have been carried out only for a centre launch under restricted launch condition, while the effect of launch conditions and input offsets on bandwidth performance has not been reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Bandwidth and Large Coupling Tolerance Graded-Index Multimode Polymer Waveguides for On-Board High-Speed Optical Interconnects

Chen

Bamiedakis

Vasil'ev

et al. 2016

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-Optical interconnects have attracted significant research interest for use in short-reach board-level optical communication links in supercomputers and data centres. Multimode polymer waveguides in particular constitute an attractive technology for on-board optical interconnects as they provide high bandwidth, offer relaxed alignment tolerances, and can be cost-effectively integrated onto standard printed circuit boards (PCBs). However, the continuing improvements in bandwidth performance of optical sources make it important to investigate approaches to develop high bandwidth polymer waveguides. In this paper, we present dispersion studies on a graded-index (GI) waveguide in siloxane materials designed to deliver high bandwidth over a range of launch conditions. Bandwidth-length products of >70 GHz×m and ~65 GHz×m are observed using a 50/125 μm multimode fibre (MMF) launch for input offsets of ±10 μm without and with the use of a mode mixer respectively; and enhanced values of >100 GHz×m are found under a 10× microscope objective launch for input offsets of ~18 × 20 μm 2 . The large range of offsets is within the -1 dB alignment tolerances. A theoretical model is developed using the measured refractive index profile of the waveguide, and general agreement is found with experimental bandwidth measurements. The reported results clearly demonstrate the potential of this technology for use in high-speed board-level optical links, and indicate that data transmission of 100 Gb/s over a multimode polymer waveguide is feasible with appropriate refractive index engineering.Index Terms-optical interconnections, polymer waveguides, multimode waveguides, waveguide dispersion

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Polymer parallel optical waveguide with graded-index rectangular cores and its dispersion analysis

Cited by 25 publications

References 16 publications

Graded-index core polymer optical waveguide circuit fabricated using a microdispenser for high-density on-board optical interconnects

Graded-index core polymer optical waveguide circuit fabricated using a microdispenser for high-density on-board optical interconnects

Embedded planar glass waveguide optical interconnect for data centre applications

High-Bandwidth and Large Coupling Tolerance Graded-Index Multimode Polymer Waveguides for On-Board High-Speed Optical Interconnects

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