Polymer Structure and Conformation Alter the Antigenicity of Virus-like Particle–Polymer Conjugates

Lee, Parker W.; Isarov, Sergey A.; Wallat, Jaqueline D.; Molugu, Sudheer K.; Shukla, Sourabh; Sun, Jessie; Zhang, Jun; Zheng, Yanbing; Dougherty, Melissa Lucius; Konkolewicz, Dominik; Stewart, Phoebe L.; Steinmetz, Nicole F.; Hore, Michael J. A.; Pokorski, Jonathan K.

doi:10.1021/jacs.6b11643

Cited by 77 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…99 These strategies have produced new hybrid bio-synthetic systems with enhanced pharmacokinetics and can modulate immune response. 100 On the other hand, polymeric growth from covalently bound sites on the surface of viral nanoparticles may interfere with antigen recognition. It is therefore important that this covalent attachment be reversible under physiological conditions.…”

Section: Possible Approaches To Access Other Viral Architecturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal–Organic Frameworks for Cell and Virus Biology: A Perspective

et al. 2018

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Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of coordination polymers, consisting of metal ions or clusters linked together by chemically mutable organic groups. In contrast to zeolites and porous carbons, MOFs are constructed from a building block strategy that enables molecular level control of pore size/shape and functionality. An area of growing interest in MOF chemistry is the synthesis of MOF-based composite materials. Recent studies have shown that MOFs can be combined with biomacromolecules to generate novel biocomposites. In such materials, the MOF acts as a porous matrix that can encapsulate enzymes, oligonucleotides, or even more complex structures that are capable of replication/reproduction (i.e., viruses, bacteria, and eukaryotic cells). The synthetic approach for the preparation of these materials has been termed "biomimetic mineralization", as it mimics natural biomineralization processes that afford protective shells around living systems. In this Perspective, we focus on the preparation of MOF biocomposites that are composed of complex biological moieties such as viruses and cells and canvass the potential applications of this encapsulation strategy to cell biology and biotechnology.

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Section: Possible Approaches To Access Other Viral Architecturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal–Organic Frameworks for Cell and Virus Biology: A Perspective

et al. 2018

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“…It is well known that the high thermal exchange efficiency of a flow reactor not only provides products with homogeneous properties, but also leads to a high‐efficiency polymerization process . Herein, PEGMEMA 300 was selected as the monomer for RAFT polymerization in aqueous system due to its unique properties and hence broad application range from biomaterials to energy storage devices . Due to the low solubility of RAFT‐CTA in pure water, an aqueous solution with 50% ethanol was prepared for the polymerization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With well‐controlled RAFT polymerization process, high‐efficiency polymerization manner and continuous reaction nature, the RAFT polymerization in a pressure‐tunable flow reactor may provide a scalable and efficient method to produce homopolymers and block polymers with well‐defined properties in a highly efficient way. Moreover, due to the wide application of polymeric materials based on PEGMEMA, we anticipate that the successful demonstration of high‐efficiency synthesis at elevated temperature will also be beneficial to polymer synthesis for biomaterials and energy storage devices in a high‐efficiency manner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly efficient reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization in ethanol/water via flow chemistry

Cao

et al. 2017

Polym. Int.

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Utilization of a flow reactor under high pressure allows highly efficient polymer synthesis via reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization in an aqueous system. Compared with the batch reaction, the flow reactor allows the RAFT polymerization to be performed in a high‐efficiency manner at the same temperature. The adjustable pressure of the system allows further elevation of the reaction temperature and hence faster polymerization. Other reaction parameters, such as flow rate and initiator concentration, were also well studied to tune the monomer conversion and the molar mass dispersity (Đ) of the obtained polymers. Gel permeation chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies (FTIR) were utilized to monitor the polymerization process. With the initiator concentration of 0.15 mmol L−1, polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate with monomer conversion of 52% at 100 °C under 73 bar can be achieved within 40 min with narrow molar mass dispersity (D) Đ (<1.25). The strategy developed here provides a method to produce well‐defined polymers via RAFT polymerization with high efficiency in a continuous manner. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…Similar to PEG, PNB was shown to reduce carrier-specific antibody recognition when grafted to VLPs from the bacteriophage Qβ, as shown in Figure 2A. 27 Cryo-electron microscopy was used in this study to reveal the nearly complete coverage of the viral surface with a compact PNB layer (Figure 2B, C). …”

Section: Peg and Other Synthetic Polymeric Shielding Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Bioinspired Shielding Strategies for Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Applications

Gulati

Stewart²,

Steinmetz³

2018

Mol. Pharmaceutics

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Nanoparticle delivery systems offer advantages over free drugs, in that they increase solubility and biocompatibility. Nanoparticles can deliver a high payload of therapeutic molecules while limiting off target side effects. Therefore, delivery of an existing drug with a nanoparticle frequently results in an increased therapeutic index. Whether of synthetic or biologic origin, nanoparticle surface coatings are often required to reduce immune clearance and thereby increase circulation times allowing the carriers to reach their target site. To this end, polyethylene glycol (PEG) has long been used, with several PEGylated products reaching clinical use. Unfortunately, the growing use of PEG in consumer products has led to an increasing prevalence of PEG-specific antibodies in the human population, which in turn has fueled the search for alternative coating strategies. This review highlights alternative bio-inspired nanoparticle shielding strategies, which may be more beneficial moving forward than PEG and other synthetic polymer coatings.

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Polymer Structure and Conformation Alter the Antigenicity of Virus-like Particle–Polymer Conjugates

Cited by 77 publications

References 31 publications

Metal–Organic Frameworks for Cell and Virus Biology: A Perspective

Metal–Organic Frameworks for Cell and Virus Biology: A Perspective

Highly efficient reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization in ethanol/water via flow chemistry

Bioinspired Shielding Strategies for Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Applications

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