Polymer-supported saponins:  an approach to cholesterol removal from butter oil

Micich, T. J.; Foglia, Thomas A.; Holsinger, V.H.

doi:10.1021/jf00020a005

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Dairy products can be passed through a column of polymer-supported saponins to remove cholesterol (Micich et al, 1992).…”

Section: Saponins and Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Effects of Feed and Forage Saponins and Their Impacts on Animal Production

Cheeke

1996

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Saponins occur in numerous forages and crop plants used to provide feed for domestic animals. The objective of this paper is to review the significance of saponins to animal production, with particular emphasis on new findings. In some cases, saponins are being revisited after a period of many years of inactivity. This applies, for example, to the roles of saponins in bloat and photosensitization.Forage saponins of concern have traditionally been those of alfalfa and to a lesser extent clovers. Recently, saponins in tropical grasses have been found to have important implications in performance of grazing animals and a dermatitic condition called secondary photosensitization. Pasture and range weeds containing saponins have been implicated in photosensitization and reproductive disorders. Crop plants containing saponins include soybeans and minor grains such as quinoa and amaranth. The saponin-rich extracts of Yucca schidigera have been of extensive interest in animal and poultry production, because of their ammonia-binding properties.The physiological effects of saponins have been reviewed previously

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“…Dairy products can be passed through a column of polymer-supported saponins to remove cholesterol (Micich et al, 1992).…”

Section: Saponins and Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Effects of Feed and Forage Saponins and Their Impacts on Animal Production

Cheeke

1996

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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“…The surface activity of the saponins serves as a basis for their traditional use in food production − and in other industrial applications. − In recent years, various new applications have emerged in medicine, − the food industry, ,,, cosmetics, ,− and energy production . Saponins are currently used as foamers and emulsifiers in beer and soft drinks, , as solubilizing agents for vitamins and minerals in food additives, and as key ingredients in technology for decreasing the cholesterol level in foods (oils, milk, butter, and others). , The saponins serve as stabilizers of cosmetic emulsions, as foam boosters in shampoos and conditioners, and as skin antiaging actives. ,− The saponins are used as adjuvants in vaccines, , they exhibit noticeable antitumor activity, , and they have some antiallergic and antiseptic action . The saponins in food were reported to decrease cholesterol levels in the bloodstream, , with a noticeable decrease in the risk of cardiovascular diseases .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Rheology of Saponin Adsorption Layers

et al. 2011

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Extracts of the Quillaja saponaria tree contain natural surfactant molecules called saponins that very efficiently stabilize foams and emulsions. Therefore, such extracts are widely used in several technologies. In addition, saponins have demonstrated nontrivial bioactivity and are currently used as essential ingredients in vaccines, food supplements, and other health products. Previous preliminary studies showed that saponins have some peculiar surface properties, such as a very high surface modulus, that may have an important impact on the mechanisms of foam and emulsion stabilization. Here we present a detailed characterization of the main surface properties of highly purified aqueous extracts of Quillaja saponins. Surface tension isotherms showed that the purified Quillaja saponins behave as nonionic surfactants with a relatively high cmc (0.025 wt %). The saponin adsorption isotherm is described well by the Volmer equation, with an area per molecule of close to 1 nm(2). By comparing this area to the molecular dimensions, we deduce that the hydrophobic triterpenoid rings of the saponin molecules lie parallel to the air-water interface, with the hydrophilic glucoside tails protruding into the aqueous phase. Upon small deformation, the saponin adsorption layers exhibit a very high surface dilatational elasticity (280 ± 30 mN/m), a much lower shear elasticity (26 ± 15 mN/m), and a negligible true dilatational surface viscosity. The measured dilatational elasticity is in very good agreement with the theoretical predictions of the Volmer adsorption model (260 mN/m). The measured characteristic adsorption time of the saponin molecules is 4 to 5 orders of magnitude longer than that predicted theoretically for diffusion-controlled adsorption, which means that the saponin adsorption is barrier-controlled around and above the cmc. The perturbed saponin layers relax toward equilibrium in a complex manner, with several relaxation times, the longest of them being around 3 min. Molecular interpretations of the observed trends are proposed when possible. Surprisingly, in the course of our study we found experimentally that the drop shape analysis method (DSA method) shows a systematically lower surface elasticity, in comparison with the other two methods used: Langmuir trough and capillary pressure tensiometry with spherical drops. The possible reasons for the observed discrepancy are discussed, and the final conclusion is that the DSA method has specific problems and may give incorrect results when applied to study the dynamic properties of systems with high surface elasticity, such as adsorption layers of saponins, lipids, fatty acids, solid particles, and some proteins. The last conclusion is particularly important because the DSA method recently became the preferred method for the characterization of fluid interfaces because of its convenience.

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“…The diversity in the amphiphilic structures of the saponin molecules determines their rich physicochemical properties and biological activity. The high surface activity of saponins serves as a basis for their traditional use in food production, − and in some other industrial applications. − In recent years, various new applications have emerged in medicine, − food industry, ,,, cosmetics, ,− and energy production . Currently, saponins are used as foamers and emulsifiers in beer and soft drinks, , as solubilizing agents for vitamins and minerals in food additives, and as key ingredients in technologies for the decrease of cholesterol level in foods (fats, milk, butter). , These applications and the nontrivial properties of saponins have sparked recently increasing research activity in the areas of saponin extraction, chemical and structural analysis, ,− and bioactivity. ,− ,, An important open question in this context is what is the relation between the molecular structure of the saponins, on one side, and their bioactivity or physicochemical properties (micelle formation, solubilization capacity, surface activity, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Shear Rheology of Saponin Adsorption Layers

et al. 2012

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Saponins are a wide class of natural surfactants, with molecules containing a rigid hydrophobic group (triterpenoid or steroid), connected via glycoside bonds to hydrophilic oligosaccharide chains. These surfactants are very good foam stabiliziers and emulsifiers, and show a range of nontrivial biological activities. The molecular mechanisms behind these unusual properties are unknown, and, therefore, the saponins have attracted significant research interest in recent years. In our previous study (Stanimirova et al. Langmuir 2011, 27, 12486-12498), we showed that the triterpenoid saponins extracted from Quillaja saponaria plant (Quillaja saponins) formed adsorption layers with unusually high surface dilatational elasticity, 280 ± 30 mN/m. In this Article, we study the shear rheological properties of the adsorption layers of Quillaja saponins. In addition, we study the surface shear rheological properties of Yucca saponins, which are of steroid type. The experimental results show that the adsorption layers of Yucca saponins exhibit purely viscous rheological response, even at the lowest shear stress applied, whereas the adsorption layers of Quillaja saponins behave like a viscoelastic two-dimensional body. For Quillaja saponins, a single master curve describes the data for the viscoelastic creep compliance versus deformation time, up to a certain critical value of the applied shear stress. Above this value, the layer compliance increases, and the adsorption layers eventually transform into viscous ones. The experimental creep-recovery curves for the viscoelastic layers are fitted very well by compound Voigt rheological model. The obtained results are discussed from the viewpoint of the layer structure and the possible molecular mechanisms, governing the rheological response of the saponin adsorption layers.

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Polymer-supported saponins: an approach to cholesterol removal from butter oil

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Biological Effects of Feed and Forage Saponins and Their Impacts on Animal Production

Biological Effects of Feed and Forage Saponins and Their Impacts on Animal Production

Surface Rheology of Saponin Adsorption Layers

Surface Shear Rheology of Saponin Adsorption Layers

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