Polymer–surfactant systems in bulk and at fluid interfaces

Physicochemical Aspects of the Performance of Hair-Conditioning Formulations

“…The study of the behavior of solutions containing polymer-surfactant mixtures is relevant for understanding their interactions with interfaces, both fluid/fluid and liquid/solid ones [79,80], with the association of polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes being governed by both electrostatic interactions, where two components attract or repel each other due to the presence of charges, and hydrophobic interactions, where molecules are attracted due to the existence of domains in the The images of electron microscopy allow evaluating the efficiency of the deposition of the conditioning agents, which is clearly focused on the most external region of the fibers. However, electron microscopy does not provide information related to the penetration and absorption of the conditioning species to the inner regions of the fibers.…”

“…The study of the behavior of solutions containing polymer-surfactant mixtures is relevant for understanding their interactions with interfaces, both fluid/fluid and liquid/solid ones [79,80], with the association of polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes being governed by both electrostatic interactions, where two components attract or repel each other due to the presence of charges, and hydrophobic interactions, where molecules are attracted due to the existence of domains in the molecules that have low affinity for water [81]. It is worth mentioning that as a first approach, the association of polyelectrolytes and surfactants may be analyzed in analogy to an ion-exchange process, where the electrostatic interactions are reinforced for the hydrophobic interactions between the alkyl chains of the surfactant molecules and the role of the entropy associated with the release of counterions presents a relatively important role [82].…”

“…The interactions involved in the assembly of polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes may be exploited by varying the characteristics of the polyelectrolytes (such as charge density, molecular weight or functional groups) and surfactants (nature of the hydrophilic head, hydrophobic chain length and concentration) [80,81] or the solution properties (pH, ionic strength and temperature). Such interactions decisively impact the rich phase behavior of polyelectrolyte-surfactant mixtures, in which one-or multiphase mixtures are obtained depending on the composition and the nature of the components [6,44,83].…”

“…There is a third binding type, the so-called anti-cooperative one. This is characterized by the binding through interactions of specific nature [80,81,94].…”

Pilot Performance of Chemical Demulsifier on the Demulsification of Produced Water from Polymer/Surfactant Flooding in the Xinjiang Oilfield

“…It has been reported that the adsorption of HPAM on the oil-water interface increases the steric barriers of dispersed oil droplets, which leads to the enhanced stability of oil/water emulsion [16,[26][27][28]. Polymers (such as polystyrene sulfonate sodium, PSS) have the ability to form complexes with the oppositely charged molecules (such as hexadecanetrimethyl-ammonium bromide, CTAB) by electrostatic attraction or hydrophobic interaction [29,30]. In this study, the negatively charged HPAM might have formed complexes with the added demulsifier CP-1, which would deplete HPAM from the dispersed oil droplets surface [29,31].…”