Polymerase Chain Reaction and Advances in Infectious Disease Diagnosis

Menon, P K; Kapila, K; Ohri, V C

doi:10.1016/s0377-1237(17)30450-1

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The PCR has been a very accurate test to diagnose all kinds of infectious diseases. It provides results faster than cultures, and its use for early diagnosis by the infectious disease specialists has been very popular 14 . During the pandemic, PCR test was the only accurate test available to diagnose infected people 15 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For similar reasons, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) permitted self-sampling via nasal swabs to compensate for the shortage of healthcare workers and the escalation of COVID 19 cases 21 . Furthermore, the CDC as well as some studies have illustrated that supervised nasal swabs were quite as effective as nasopharyngeal swabs in detecting SARS-CoV-2 14, 22 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of SARS-COV-2 nasal antigen test to nasopharyngeal RT-PCR in mildly symptomatic patients

Abdulrahman

Mustafa

Alawadhi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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IntroductionCOVID 19 has been vastly spreading since December 2019 and the medical teams worldwide are doing their best to limit its spread. In the absence of a vaccine the best way to fight it is by detecting infected cases early and isolate them to prevent its spread. Therefore, a readily available, rapid, and cost-effective test with high specificity and sensitivity for early detection of COVID 19 is required. In this study, we are testing the diagnostic performance of a rapid antigen detection test in mildly symptomatic cases. (RADT).MethodsThe study included 4183 male patients who were mildly symptomatic. A nasal sample for the rapid antigen test and a nasopharyngeal sample was taken from each patient. Statistical analysis was conducted to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and kappa coefficient of agreement.ResultsThe prevalence of COVID 19 in the study population was 17.5% (733/4183). The calculated sensitivity and specificity were 82.1% and 99.1% respectively. Kappa’s coefficient of agreement between the rapid antigen test and RT-PCR was 0.859 (p < 0.001). A stratified analysis was performed and it showed that the sensitivity of the test improved significantly with lowering the cutoff Ct value to 24.ConclusionThe results of the diagnostic assessment of nasal swabs in the RADT used in our study are promising regarding the potential benefit of using them as a screening tool in mildly symptomatic patients. The diagnostic ability was especially high in cases with high viral load. The rapid antigen test is intended to be used alongside RT-PCR and not replace it. RADT can be of benefit in reducing the use of PCR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of SARS-COV-2 nasal antigen test to nasopharyngeal RT-PCR in mildly symptomatic patients

Abdulrahman

Mustafa

Alawadhi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Among the currently available molecular analytical tools, RT-PCR serves at the gene level of analysis and is proved to be a very evident method for early detection of biomarkers in systemic diseases and its rectification [ 55 ]. RT-PCR technique is also regarded as the gold standard for gene-level analysis as it amplifies the target biomarker a billion times thereby facilitating ease in detection even at a very early stage of gene expression [ 19 , 27 , 33 ]. Accordingly, the application of RT-PCR in early salivary diagnostics seems promising and of great clinical interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Saliva as a Diagnostic Specimen for Early Detection of Inflammatory Biomarkers by Real-Time RT-PCR

Shakeeb¹,

Varkey

Ajit³

2021

Inflammation

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Nowadays human saliva is more frequently studied as a non-invasive, stress-free, and preferable diagnostic material than blood. Supporting evidences acknowledge saliva as a mirror that reflects the body's physical state. Numerous studies have also demonstrated the presence and use of RNA derived from saliva in the early diagnosis of disease by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Assessing the host inflammatory response in patients and its resolution at an early stage can serve as a prognostic and predictive method in determining therapeutic response or disease progression. In this context, the potential of saliva as a specimen to diagnose early inflammatory biomarkers using RT-PCR seems fascinating and useful. Here, we review inflammatory biomarkers within the saliva, focusing on early detection of these biomarkers using RT-PCR and the factors influencing the quality of saliva specimen.

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“…When applied to a clinical setting these tests show a moderate likelihood ratio increase both in positive and negative diagnosis. Diagnostic evaluation with the use of genetic material from infectious agents is a common practice in the microbiological clinic [ 33 – 35 ]. However, given the heterogeneity of studies, the population involved, and diagnostic criteria, the routine use of the PCR technique for diagnosing neurosyphilis is not yet fully implemented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic tools for neurosyphilis: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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Purpose Increasing incidences of syphilis highlight the preoccupation with the occurrence of neurosyphilis. This study aimed to understand the current diagnostic tools and their performance to detect neurosyphilis, including new technologies and the variety of existing methods. Methods We searched databases to select articles that reported neurosyphilis diagnostic methods and assessed their accuracy, presenting sensitivity and specificity values. Information was synthesized in tables. The risk of bias was examined using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy recommendations. Results Fourteen studies were included. The main finding was a remarkable diversity of tests, which had varied purposes, techniques, and evaluation methodologies. There was no uniform criterion or gold standard to define neurosyphilis. The current basis for its diagnosis is clinical suspicion and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. There are new promising tests such as PCR tests and chemokine measurement assays. Conclusions The diagnosis of neurosyphilis is still a challenge, despite the variety of existing and developing tests. We believe that the multiplicity of reference standards adopted as criteria for diagnosis reveals the imprecision of the current definitions of neurosyphilis. An important next step for the scientific community is to create a universally accepted diagnostic definition for this disease.

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Polymerase Chain Reaction and Advances in Infectious Disease Diagnosis

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Comparison of SARS-COV-2 nasal antigen test to nasopharyngeal RT-PCR in mildly symptomatic patients

Comparison of SARS-COV-2 nasal antigen test to nasopharyngeal RT-PCR in mildly symptomatic patients

Human Saliva as a Diagnostic Specimen for Early Detection of Inflammatory Biomarkers by Real-Time RT-PCR

Diagnostic tools for neurosyphilis: a systematic review

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