Polymerase chain reaction detection of avipox and avian papillomavirus in naturally infected wild birds: comparisons of blood, swab and tissue samples

Williams, Richard; Escudero-Duch, Clara; Pérez‐Tris, Javier; Benı́tez, Laura

doi:10.1080/03079457.2014.886326

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These results offer an additional confirmation that the etiologic agent is pox virus (Esteves et al 2017). The absence of pox from the liver, lung and airsacs, confirms again the non-diphteric nature of this virus (Moss 1996;Williams et al 2014). The qPCR analysis revealed the MG colonization of the inner side of the eye lids of two birds (29% of the affected birds) and airsac of the bird that showed hyperplasia and heterophil infiltration (14% of the affected birds).…”

Section: Serological Analysissupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Bollinger bodies were observed in the skin of 71% of the birds (Figure 3), confirming their infection with pox virus (Alehegn et al 2014). Only one bird (14%) showed microscopic lesions in the airsac, namely hyperplasia and heterophil infiltration (Figure 4), meaning that the canarypox virus didn't develop in the internal organs and was only limited to skin (Moss 1996;Williams et al 2014). Table 2.…”

Section: Histopathological Observations Of Microscopic Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In canaries, avipoxviruses cause a serious damage to both breeders and offsprings, resulting in high mortality that can reach 80% of the infected birds (Tripathy and Reed 1997). This virus colonizes mainly the skin, resulting in the thickening of the dermis and formation of scabs in the infected areas (Tripathy and Reed 1997;Williams et al 2014). In diptheric avipoxviruses, lesions can develop internally, affecting the oral cavity, oesophagus, and other internal organs (Williams et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of a canarypox virus from an outbreak among canaries (Serinus canaria domesticus) in Lebanon

Shaib

Barbour

2018

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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A canarypox outbreak resulted in the death of about 50% of canaries (Serinus canaria domesticus) in several breeding farms in Lebanon. Infected birds showed thickened eye lid and skin scab-like lesions at the beak, foot and caudal regions and died 5-6 days post disease symptoms onset. Out of seven sick birds that were autopsied for gross pathology evaluation, one bird demonstrated turbid airsacs with absence of any lesions in the trachea, oesophagus, liver and lung. Histopathological examination showed hyperplasia, heterophils infiltration and Bollinger body formation in the skin of five out of the seven autopsied canaries. Hyperplasia and infiltration of heterophils were also observed in the airsacs of one bird. PCR analysis of specimens taken from the skin and feet, targeting the fpv167 gene of the canarypox virus, was positive for all of the analyzed canaries. PCR analysis also revealed that two birds had concurrent infection with Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Sequencing and alignment of the amplified fpv167 gene of the canarypox showed 100% similarity with the Iranian canary pox isolate IR/H913/14. Smuggling of pet birds through the borders should be strictly controlled and biosecurity measures must be adequately applied to control the circulation of the two identified pathogens.

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Section: Serological Analysissupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Histopathological Observations Of Microscopic Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of a canarypox virus from an outbreak among canaries (Serinus canaria domesticus) in Lebanon

Shaib

Barbour

2018

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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“…Using superficial skin swabs from birds in the field and of preserved museum skin specimens that demonstrated symptoms of viral infection, it was reported that detection of multiple strains of both Avipoxvirus and papillomavirus is possible through PCR [16]. This protocol was also used in another study where, in addition to superficial skin swabs, blood and tissue samples taken from symptomatic wild birds were tested and it was found that swab and tissues samples generated significantly more avian pox positives than blood samples [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it has been shown that avian pox can be detected via conventional PCR [2,16,17] and real-time PCR [18] in other bird species, we lacked a real-time PCR method for detecting the specific strain of Avipoxvirus found in hummingbirds. The protocol published for Hawai'i honeycreepers employed a real-time PCR protocol that amplifies a segment of the Avipoxvirus 4b core protein gene [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TaqMan quantitative real-time PCR for detecting Avipoxvirus DNA in various sample types from hummingbirds

et al. 2020

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Background Avian pox is a viral disease documented in a wide range of bird species. Disease-related detrimental effects can cause dyspnea and dysphagia, and birds with high metabolic requirements, such as hummingbirds, are thus especially vulnerable to the pathogen. Hummingbirds have a strong presence in California, especially in urban environments. However, little is understood regarding the impact of pox virus on hummingbird populations. Currently, diagnosing a pox infection relies on obtaining a tissue biopsy, which poses significant risks to birds and challenges in the field. Understanding the ecology of hummingbird pox viral infections could be advanced by a minimally invasive ante-mortem diagnostic method. Our aim was to address whether pox infections can be diagnosed using integumentary system samples besides tissue biopsies. To meet this goal, we tested multiple integumentary sample types using a quantitative real-time PCR assay. A secondary study goal was to determine which sample types (ranging from minimally to highly invasive sampling) were optimal for identifying infected birds. Methodology and principal findings Pox-like lesion tissue, pectoral muscle, feathers, toenail clippings, blood, and swabs (both pox-like lesion tissue and non pox-like lesion tissue) were taken from live birds and carcasses of two species of hummingbirds found in California. To maximize successful diagnosis, especially for samples with low viral load, a real-time quantitative PCR assay was developed for detecting the hummingbird-specific Avipoxvirus 4b core protein gene. Avipoxvirus DNA was successfully amplified from all sample types obtained from 27 individuals. These results were compared to those of conventional PCR and comparisons were also made among sample types, utilizing lesion tissue samples as the gold standard.

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Avian Cytodiagnosis

2022

Exotic Animal Hematology and Cytology

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Polymerase chain reaction detection of avipox and avian papillomavirus in naturally infected wild birds: comparisons of blood, swab and tissue samples

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Characterization of a canarypox virus from an outbreak among canaries (Serinus canaria domesticus) in Lebanon

Characterization of a canarypox virus from an outbreak among canaries (Serinus canaria domesticus) in Lebanon

TaqMan quantitative real-time PCR for detecting Avipoxvirus DNA in various sample types from hummingbirds

Avian Cytodiagnosis

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