Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Detection Of The Genome Of African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) From Natural Infection In A Nigerian Baby Warthog (&lt;i&gt;Phacochoereus Aethiopicus&lt;/i&gt;)

Luther, NJ; Udeama, P G; Majiyagbe, KA; Shamaki, David; Antiabong, John F.; Bitrus, Y.; Nwosuh, Chika; Owolodun, Olajide Adewale

doi:10.4314/nvj.v28i2.3559

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Although we found no evidence of ASFV in the two warthogs sampled in northern Nigeria, elsewhere in the country, ASFV DNA was detected and amplified by PCR in a warthog [7], suggesting possible circulation in the traditional sylvatic vertebrate host, for which there was previously no evidence of involvement in West Africa. Together these results signal the possible establishment of a new cycle of ASF transmission and maintenance in Nigeria, which may complicate control and which has implications for the remainder of the West African region.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…In spite of the presence of representatives of both genera in some affected countries in West Africa [5], neither species appears to play an equivalent role in the epidemiology of the disease in this region of Africa to which ASF has been introduced. The possibility of spill-over from domestic pigs to both bush pigs and warthogs in Nigeria has however been raised following recent molecular confirmation of ASF virus genome presence in both species [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterisation of African swine fever viruses from Nigeria (2003–2006) recovers multiple virus variants and reaffirms CVR epidemiological utility

et al. 2010

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterisation of African swine fever viruses from Nigeria (2003–2006) recovers multiple virus variants and reaffirms CVR epidemiological utility

et al. 2010

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“…The epidemiology of ASF in Nigeria is till straight forward, belonging to the less complex domestic pig cycle, although evidences of existence of ASF in wild‐pig species in Nigeria have been demonstrated recently (Luther et al., 2007a,b). Researchers have opined that the sylvatic cycle is absent in the entire West Africa (Bastos et al., 2003) mainly because of the absence of Ornithodoros ticks in the region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Luther et al. (2007a) established the existence of ASF virus in the bushpig ( Potamochoerus porcus ) and warthog ( Phacochoerus aethiopicus ) (Luther et al., 2007b); these remain the last of such findings as such studies have not been repeated. This epidemiological twist overrules an earlier report by Taylor et al (1977) describing the absence of ASF virus in warthogs in Nigeria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of African Swine Fever Outbreaks in Nigeria, 2002-2007

Owolodun

Yakubu

Antiabong

et al. 2010

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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African swine fever (ASF) was first introduced into Nigeria through Lagos state in 1997. The disease rapidly spread to Ogun state in 1998 and extended to the Niger Delta (Delta, Rivers and Akwa Ibom states) in the same year. In 1998, Kaduna, Plateau and Benue states all north of the country experienced ASF for the first time. Poor farm biosecurity, bad abattoir practices and extensive/free range pig farming systems led to extensive spread of the diseases to about 16 Nigerian states excluding the far northwest and north east. A total of 1036 field samples collected over a 6-year period covering 19 Nigerian states were analysed during the period under review; 805 samples were PCR positive and 231 negative. Positive samples were detected in all three surveillance phases and from all agroecological zones across the country. For the first time since its incursion, ASF was identified in some states; Bauchi, Adamawa Taraba and Gombe with chances of control very slim and further spread of the virus northward envisaged. Outbreaks of the disease are now a perennial problem with an increasing disease burden in areas where high numbers of pigs are produced in the country. The National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, since 2002 investigated ASF based on tissue submissions and reports made by individuals, private & commercial farms and agricultural bodies. We present an analysis of geographical and temporal distribution of ASF in the country from 2002 to 2007 and a review of historic outbreaks since the first incursion. Risk factors and prospects for control are discussed.

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“…Attempts to isolate virus from bushpigs and warthogs have been unsuccessful (Taylor et al 1977), although ASFV genomic DNA detected in a warthog (Luther et al 2007a), and a red river hog (Luther et al 2007b). …”

Section: Maintenance Of Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

African swine fever: how can global spread be prevented?

Costard

Wieland

Glanville

et al. 2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

434

407

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African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating haemorrhagic fever of pigs with mortality rates approaching 100 per cent. It causes major economic losses, threatens food security and limits pig production in affected countries. ASF is caused by a large DNA virus, African swine fever virus (ASFV). There is no vaccine against ASFV and this limits the options for disease control. ASF has been confined mainly to sub-Saharan Africa, where it is maintained in a sylvatic cycle and/or among domestic pigs. Wildlife hosts include wild suids and arthropod vectors. The relatively small numbers of incursions to other continents have proven to be very difficult to eradicate. Thus, ASF remained endemic in the Iberian peninsula until the mid-1990s following its introductions in 1957 and 1960 and the disease has remained endemic in Sardinia since its introduction in 1982. ASF has continued to spread within Africa to previously uninfected countries, including recently the Indian Ocean islands of Madagascar and Mauritius. Given the continued occurrence of ASF in sub-Saharan Africa and increasing global movements of people and products, it is not surprising that further transcontinental transmission has occurred. The introduction of ASF to Georgia in the Caucasus in 2007 and dissemination to neighbouring countries emphasizes the global threat posed by ASF and further increases the risks to other countries. We review the mechanisms by which ASFV is maintained within wildlife and domestic pig populations and how it can be transmitted. We then consider the risks for global spread of ASFV and discuss possibilities of how disease can be prevented.

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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Detection Of The Genome Of African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) From Natural Infection In A Nigerian Baby Warthog (<i>Phacochoereus Aethiopicus</i>)

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Molecular characterisation of African swine fever viruses from Nigeria (2003–2006) recovers multiple virus variants and reaffirms CVR epidemiological utility

Molecular characterisation of African swine fever viruses from Nigeria (2003–2006) recovers multiple virus variants and reaffirms CVR epidemiological utility

Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of African Swine Fever Outbreaks in Nigeria, 2002-2007

African swine fever: how can global spread be prevented?

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