Polymere Blausäure

Völker, Th.

doi:10.1002/ange.19600721104

Cited by 129 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…While HCN is a colorless, poisonous, low-viscosity liquid said to have an odor characteristic of bitter almonds, poly-HCN is a brown-black solid having hardly any odor, although a freshly prepared poly-HCN has a slight odor of the monomer and, occasionally, of ammonia (26). Poly-HCN is not known to have any toxic effects.…”

Section: Properties Of Hcn and Poly-hcnmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical properties of poly-HCN and their astronomical applications

Khare

Sagan²,

Thompson³

et al. 1994

Can. J. Chem.

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Can. J. Chem. 72, 678 (1994). Matthews (1992) has proposed that HCN "polymer" is ubiquitous in the solar system. We apply vacuum deposition and spectroscopic techniques previously used on synthetic organic heteropolymers (tholins), kerogens, and meteoritic organic residues to the measurement of the optical constants of poly-HCN in the wavelength range 0.05-40 pm. These measurements allow quantitative comparison with spectrophotometry of organic-rich bodies in the outer solar system. In a specific test of Matthews' hypothesis, poly-HCN fails to match the optical constants of the haze of the Saturnian moon, Titan, in the visible and near-infrared, derived from astronomical observations and standard models of the Titan atmosphere. In contrast, a tholin produced from a simulated Titan atmosphere matches within the probable errors. Poly-HCN is much more N-rich than Titan tholin. [Traduit par la rCdaction]

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Section: Properties Of Hcn and Poly-hcnmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poly-HCN is not known to have any toxic effects. Details on the synthesis and structure of poly-HCN were given recently by Matthews and Ludicky (34) and earlier by Volker (26).…”

Section: Properties Of Hcn and Poly-hcnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical properties of poly-HCN and their astronomical applications

Khare

Sagan²,

Thompson³

et al. 1994

Can. J. Chem.

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“…However, the structures of these polymers remain unknown despite extensive effort. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Figures 1 and 2 show the proposed polymer structures. The "ladder" structures in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HCN polymers characterized by solid state NMR: Chains and sheets formed in the neat liquid

Mamajanov

Herzfeld

2009

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Hydrogen cyanide polymerizes readily under a variety of conditions and significant prebiotic roles have been suggested for these polymers due to the abundance of HCN in universe. However, the structures of HCN polymers have been more speculative than grounded in experimental data. Here we show that 13 C and 15 N solid state NMR spectra of polymers formed in neat HCN are inconsistent with the previously proposed structures and suggest instead that the polymers are formed by simple monomer addition, first in head-to-tail fashion to form linear, conjugated chains, and then laterally to form saturated two-dimensional networks. This interpretation of the NMR spectra finds support in other information about the polymerization of neat HCN, including the presence of free radicals. As expected from the literature, formation of the HCN tetramer, diaminomaleonitrile, is also observed, but only when the reaction is catalyzed exclusively by base and then in crystalline form.

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“…Particularly important is the discovery by Oro et al that adenine can be formed in aqueous solutions of HCN and ammonia maintained at temperatures below 373 K (Oro 1960(Oro , 1961Oro and Kimball 1962). The reaction conditions which produce adenine, when maintained for a period of days, also produce cyanide polymer as a reaction product (Volker 1960). Moreover, what appear to be similar materials can be produced by an electrical discharge in gaseous HCN, or by adding base to liquid HCN (Mathews 1992, Minard et al 1998.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the structure of a hydrogen cyanide polymer by electron spin resonance and scanning force microscopy

et al. 2003

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Summary: Aqueous solutions of potassium cyanide and ammonium hydroxide are known to yield a heterogeneous cyanide polymer, containing paramagnetic sites and biologically significant substructures including polypeptides. Here, such solutions were used to prepare various samples of polymer for study by X-band and W-band electron spin resonance (ESR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and scanning force microscopy (SFM). Elemental composition of a typical sample of the polymer was C-35.2%, N-38.47%, O-14.51%, and H-4.13%, exposing the polymer to 6M HCl hydrolyzed portions of the polymer and released glycine and traces of other amino acids. The X-band ESR spectra consist of a single slightly asymmetric line centered at g = 2.003; spin concentration measurements made at X-band using a nitroxide radical standard yield approximate radical concentrations of 10 18 spins/gm. W-band ESR indicates the presence of a single rhombic paramagnetic site with g x = 2.0025, g y = 2.0030, and g z = 2.0048 and the possibility of small 14 N hyperfine splittings. The ESR spin echo studies yield a longitudinal relaxation time, T 1, of 75 µS and a short-phase memory relaxation time, T m , of about 300 nS. Scanning electron microscopy studies of the polymer show that it is made of ellipsoidal particles about one micron in size. The particles tend to clump together when suspended in aqueous solution. The particles disperse and dissolve in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); when these solutions dry on microscope slides, optical microscopy shows a branched island morphology for the polymer. This morphology is reminiscent of snowflakes and is identified as dendritic. Phase contrast SFM of the dendritic arms show a striking segregation and ordering of various components of the polymer. Paramagnetic sites are conserved in the series of steps leading to dendritic structures.

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Polymere Blausäure

Cited by 129 publications

References 35 publications

Optical properties of poly-HCN and their astronomical applications

Optical properties of poly-HCN and their astronomical applications

HCN polymers characterized by solid state NMR: Chains and sheets formed in the neat liquid

Exploring the structure of a hydrogen cyanide polymer by electron spin resonance and scanning force microscopy

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