Polymeric 3D printed structures for soft‐tissue engineering

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing, or rapid prototyping, is a fabrication technique that is used for various engineering applications with advantages such as mass production and fine tuning of spatial-dimensional properties. Recently, this fabrication method has been adopted for tissue engineering applications due to its ability to finely tune porosity and create precise, uniform, and repeatable structures. This review aims to introduce 3D printing applications in soft-tissue engineering and regenerative medicine including state-of-the-art scaffolds and key future challenges. Furthermore, 3D printing of individual cells, an evolution of traditional 3D printing technology which represents a cutting-edge technique for the creation of cell seeded scaffolds in vitro, is discussed. Key advances demonstrate the advantages of 3D printing, while also highlighting potential shortcomings to improve upon. It is clear that as 3D printing technology continues to develop, it will serve as a truly revolutionary means for fabrication of structures and materials for regenerative applications.

In-Situ Dynamic Response Measurement for Damage Quantification of 3D Printed ABS Cantilever Beam under Thermomechanical Load

“…Recent investigations show that these structures can be reinforced with carbon fibers and carbon nanomaterials and can replace the existing costly structural components in automobile and aircraft applications [5,6]. Nikolova and Chavali, and Stratton et al recently reviewed the application of 3D bio-printed structures for restoration and reconstruction of different anatomical defects of complex organs and functional tissues [7,8]. Agu et al investigated the strength of 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) to manufacture components exposed to high strain-rate/impact events during their design life [9].…”

Bioactive and Biocompatible Macroporous Scaffolds with Tunable Performances Prepared Based on 3D Printing of the Pre‐Crosslinked Sodium Alginate/Hydroxyapatite Hydrogel Ink

“…3D printing technique is based on the principle of discretization and stacking, and it is characterized by the ability to complete the forming of holes and shapes at the same time and form a porous scaffold with a specific pore structure . The shape, porosity, pore size and connectedness of the porous scaffold can be precisely regulated by the 3D printing technique, thus 3D printing technology has been highly concerned in the preparation of porous scaffold materials for tissue engineering . Recently, SA has been used as raw material for ink to prepare the porous tissue engineering scaffolds based on 3D printing.…”

In situsynthesized chitosan–gelatin/ZnO nanocomposite scaffold with drug delivery properties: Higher antibacterial and lower cytotoxicity effects

“…Skin tissue engineering is a promising approach in wound healing . The aim of tissue engineering is repair or regeneration of injured tissue using engineered scaffold instead of transplanting whole organs . Scaffolds act like a temporary matrix for growth and proliferation of the cells to regenerate the damaged tissue .…”

“…[1][2][3][4] The aim of tissue engineering is repair or regeneration of injured tissue using engineered scaffold instead of transplanting whole organs. [5][6][7][8] Scaffolds act like a temporary matrix for growth and proliferation of the cells to regenerate the damaged tissue. 9,10 Scaffolds with the ability to deliver bioactive materials and drugs help restore functions of the damaged tissue during regeneration process.…”