Polymeric chemosensor for the detection and quantification of chloride in human sweat. Application to the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis

Abstract

We have developed a new extremely hydrophilic polymeric film suitable for the detection and quantification of chloride in human sweat directly on the skin.

Why Is the Sensory Response of Organic Probes within a Polymer Film Different in Solution and in the Solid-State? Evidence and Application to the Detection of Amino Acids in Human Chronic Wounds

“…It is usually found in the bibliography that solid polymers having sensory motifs chemically anchored to the polymer backbone behave in a different way than the sensory chemicals in solution beyond the lack of migration of the sensory motifs to the solution. It is stated that these systems mimic enzymes in water solutions that have a broad hydrophilic body that maintains the protein hydrated (tertiary structure) and small hydrophobic active sites where selective reactions take place without the competition of water [ 2 , 3 , 5 , 29 ]. Herewith we demonstrate the influence of the polymer matrix in outperforming the performance of conventional probes by two means: analysing the interaction of the probe or sensory motifs in solution and chemically anchored to a polymer in the solid-state and analysing the influence of the diffusion of species in solution into the swelled film.…”

“…Once estimated the external and internal diffusion coefficients for a given adsorption system, the speed limitation step can be determined in terms of the number of Biot, Bi, which relates the external mass transfer resistance to the resistance of internal mass transfer, Equation (5). Once estimated the external and internal diffusion coefficients for a given adsorption system, the speed limitation step can be determined in terms of the number of Biot, Bi, which relates the external mass transfer resistance to the resistance of internal mass transfer, Equation (5).…”

“…[1]. More recently, the properties of chemicals dispersed in a polymer matrix, or chemically anchored to a polymer backbone, in the solid-state, have been exploited [2][3][4][5][6]. The substances, isolated one from another by the polymer chains or sections in the solid-sate, Polymers 2020, 12, 1249 2 of 19 in an amorphous-state and interacting with the macromolecules, within a highly-motion-restricted environment, behave completely different than in solution or in conventional crystalline solid-state [2].…”

Recent Advances in Functional Polymer Materials for Energy, Water, and Biomedical Applications: A Review

“…Vallejos et al have prepared a polymeric chemosensory membrane-based vinyl copolymer, grafted with 6-methoxyquinoline groups as chloride responsive fluorescent moieties. This sensory material revealed an excellent efficacy for the detection and quantification of chloride in human sweat and has thus shown its promising capacity for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis [127]. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was the more investigated material in the preparation of different organ-on-a-chip devices and microphysiological systems (MPSs).…”

A Single Point Mutation Converts a Proton-pumping Rhodopsin into a Turn-on Fluorescent Sensor for Chloride

“…[10,[12][13][14][15] To overcome this, successful examples of fluorescent molecular and polymer hosts integrate Nature's design principles and combine cooperative, noncovalent interactions, including hydrogen bonding, ion-pairing, and van der Waals with the hydrophobic effect. [4,11,[16][17][18][19][20] However, synthetic hosts that allow for the fluorescence imaging of chloride in living cells remain rare. Quinolinium and acridinium-based fluorophores bear a positively charged pyridinium cation that directly interacts with chloride, resulting in collisional fluorescence quenching.…”