Polymeric materials for fuel cells: concise review of recent studies

Jagur‐Grodzinski, J.

doi:10.1002/pat.935

Cited by 152 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 172 publications

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“…Membranes under active development can be classified into the following groups and have been well reviewed in recent years: (1) modified perfluorosulphonic acid (PFSA) membranes [2,3]; (2) alternative membranes based on partially fluorinated and aromatic hydrocarbon polymers [6][7][8][9]; (3) inorganic-organic composites [10][11][12]; (4) acid-base polymer membranes [13][14][15][16], typically a basic polymer doped with a non-volatile inorganic acid or blended with a polymeric acid. As the focus of this treatise, discussion below is restricted to the acid-base membranes.…”

Section: High Temperature Pemfcmentioning

confidence: 99%

High temperature proton exchange membranes based on polybenzimidazoles for fuel cells

Jensen

Savinell

et al. 2009

Progress in Polymer Science

1,243

852

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. To achieve high temperature operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), preferably under ambient pressure, acid-base polymer membranes represent an effective approach. The phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole membrane seems so far the most successful system in the field. It has in recent years motivated extensive research activities with great progress. This treatise is devoted to updating the development, covering polymer synthesis, membrane casting, physicochemical characterizations and fuel cell technologies. To optimize the membrane properties, high molecular weight polymers with synthetically modified or N-substituted structures have been synthesized. Techniques for membrane casting from organic solutions and directly from acid solutions have been developed. Ionic and covalent cross-linking as well as inorganic-organic composites has been explored. Membrane characterizations have been made including spectroscopy, water uptake and acid doping, thermal and oxidative stability, conductivity, electro-osmotic water drag, methanol crossover, solubility and permeability of gases, and oxygen reduction kinetics. Related fuel cell technologies such as electrode and MEA fabrication have been developed and high temperature PEMFC has been successfully demonstrated at temperatures of up to 200• C under ambient pressure. No gas humidification is mandatory, which enables the elimination of the complicated humidification system, compared with Nafion cells. Other operating features of the PBI cell include easy control of air flow rate, cell temperature and cooling. The PBI cell operating at above 150• C can tolerate up to 1% CO and 10 ppm SO 2 in the fuel stream, allowing for simplification of the fuel processing system and possible integration of the fuel cell stack with fuel processing units. Long-term durability with a degradation rate of 5 V h −1 has been achieved under continuous operation with hydrogen and air at 150-160• C. With load or thermal cycling, a performance loss of 300 V per cycle or 40 V h −1 per operating hour was observed. Further improvement should be done by, e.g. optimizing the thermal and chemical stability of the polymer, acid-base interaction and acid management, activity and stability of catalyst and more importantly the catalyst support, as well as the integral interface between electrode and membrane.

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Section: High Temperature Pemfcmentioning

confidence: 99%

High temperature proton exchange membranes based on polybenzimidazoles for fuel cells

Jensen

Savinell

et al. 2009

Progress in Polymer Science

1,243

852

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This could be achieved through the use of Hydrogen Fuel Cells (HFCs) as energy converting devices whereby electricity and heat are produced in the electrochemical process with water as the only waste product. 3 The temperature range of 80e130 o C is the domain of many novel materials including composites and blends of conventional materials. The greatly varied class of polyaromatic hydrocarbons span the low temperature (LT) and intermediate temperature (IT) ranges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High temperature (HT) polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) – A review

Chandan

Hattenberger

El-Kharouf

et al. 2013

Journal of Power Sources

824

444

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One possible solution of combating issues posed by climate change is the use of the High Temperature (HT) Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell (FC) in some applications. The typical HT-PEMFC operating temperatures are in the range of 100e200 o C which allows for co-generation of heat and power, high tolerance to fuel impurities and simpler system design. This paper reviews the current literature concerning the HT-PEMFC, ranging from cell materials to stack and stack testing. Only acid doped PBI membranes meet the US DOE (Department of Energy) targets for high temperature membranes operating under no humidification on both anode and cathode sides (barring the durability). This eliminates the stringent requirement for humidity however, they have many potential drawbacks including increased degradation, leaching of acid and incompatibility with current state-of-the-art fuel cell materials. In this type of fuel cell, the choice of membrane material determines the other fuel cell component material composition, for example when using an acid doped system, the flow field plate material must be carefully selected to take into account the advanced degradation. Novel research is required in all aspects of the fuel cell components in order to ensure that they meet stringent durability requirements for mobile applications.

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“…Therefore, to design the PEMFC device with high flexibility is very important. It is also known that the study of fuel cells is generally complicated due to the complex coupling of electrochemical processing, materials mechanical properties and operating conditions [17]. As a result, systematic investigation on materials fabrication and device performance evaluation become indispensable for development of the next generation of PEMFCs [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other approaches, such as the use of Pt alloy-supported carbon nanotubes/nanofibre are subject to similar performance degradation, low corrosion resistance and poor cost-effectiveness [10]. One possible avenue to minimise manufacturing cost and increase operating lifetime is the use of non-platinum metal catalysts; however, their heterogeneous catalytical activity, durability and carbon monoxide (CO) tolerance behaviour require further development for robust, durable and efficient PEMFC construction and operation [11]. The electrode flooding, caused by the water condensation at the cathode compartment also needs to be addressed [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance improvement of fuel cells using platinum-functionalised aligned carbon nanotubes

Yuan

Smith

Goenaga

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Nanoscience

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The focus of this research was towards the improvement of the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The overarching goals were: (1) providing guidelines for design of new catalysts; (2) promoting nanocatalyst applications towards alternative energy applications; and (3) integrating advanced instrumentation into nanocharacterisation and fuel cell (FC) electrochemical behaviour. In tandem with these goals, the cathode catalysts were extensively refined to improve FC performance and minimise noble metal usage. In this study, the major accomplishment was producing aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNT), which were then modified by platinum (Pt) nanoparticles via a post-synthesis colloidal chemistry approach. The Pt-ACNTs demonstrated improved cathodic catalytic activity, as a result of incorporation of the nanotubes with the additional advantage of decreased Pt loading. It was also determined that surface mechanical properties, such as elastic modulus and hardness were increased. Collectively, these enhancements provided an improved FC performance.

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Polymeric materials for fuel cells: concise review of recent studies

Cited by 152 publications

References 172 publications

High temperature proton exchange membranes based on polybenzimidazoles for fuel cells

High temperature proton exchange membranes based on polybenzimidazoles for fuel cells

High temperature (HT) polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) – A review

Performance improvement of fuel cells using platinum-functionalised aligned carbon nanotubes

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