Polymerisation of Water-Insoluble Lignins by<i>Fomes annosus</i>

Hüttermann, Aloys; Herche, Christian; Haars, A.

doi:10.1515/hfsg.1980.34.2.64

Cited by 47 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Additional evidence in favour of lignin polymerisation by laccase was revealed when the molecular weight of water-insoluble lignin increased on adding cultures of the fungus Fomes annosus. 18 Work performed by Ferm et al 19 involved laccase treatment of water-soluble lignosulfonates. Not surprisingly, a browning of the lignosulfonate solutions combined with an increase in the average molecular weight was observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of enzymatically oxidised lignosulfonates and their application on lignocellulosic fabrics

Kim

Silva

Zille

et al. 2009

Polymer International

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BACKGROUND: The 'double function' of laccase, from the ascomycete Myceliophthora, to depolymerise/polymerise lignin was studied in this work. A lignosulfonate (LS) compound was oxidised by enzymatic action and several techniques were applied to measure the polymeric changes obtained. This study was focused on the attachment level of the oxidised LS at the flax surface. RESULTS:Modified solutions were studied in terms of surface charge. Zeta potential values obtained showed an increase of polymerisation after several days of incubation. The change in molecular weight after LS polymerisation was detected using gel permeation chromatography. An increase of 1700 Da was achieved. Fourier transform infrared and UV-visible spectroscopy techniques were applied and the results showed an increase of the degree of polymerisation. The colour strength of flax fabrics incubated with oxidised LS solutions was also measured and an increase of K/S (K, absorption coefficient; S, scattering coefficient) after enzymatic oxidation was observed. CONCLUSION: The oxidised lignin products obtained show good potential for use in natural surface modification of textile materials containing flavonoids. These findings have important practical implications for lignocellulosic fibre coloration, where new polymers can replace harsh chemicals in the textile industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of enzymatically oxidised lignosulfonates and their application on lignocellulosic fabrics

Kim

Silva

Zille

et al. 2009

Polymer International

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“…It was reported that laccase preferentially catalyzed the polymerization of lignin-related substrates, leading to the formation of lignin-analogue polymers. [13] The laccase-catalyzed polymerization of syringic acid involving elimination of carbon dioxide and hydrogen from the monomer gave poly(1,4-phenylene oxide). [14] Precise control of the polymer structure was achieved by the laccase-catalyzed polymerization of p-(tert-butyl)phenol in aqueous methanol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laccase‐catalyzed Synthesis and Antioxidant Property of Poly(catechin)

Kurisawa

Chung

Uyama

et al. 2003

Macromolecular Bioscience

133

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Catechin was oxidatively polymerized by laccase in a mixture of a polar organic solvent and buffer to give a new class of flavonoid polymers. Myceliophthora laccase showed high catalytic activity for the polymerization. Using a mixed solvent of acetone and pH 5 acetate buffer efficiently produced the polymer. Under the selected conditions, DMF‐soluble polymers were obtained in good yields. Effects of reaction parameters on the yield, solubility, and molecular weight of the polymer have been systematically investigated. A radical species was detected in the polymer by ESR spectroscopy. The polymers showed greatly amplified superoxide scavenging activity and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity compared with monomeric catechin.Superoxide scavenging activity of poly(catechin)s, n = 3. ○: catechin, □: poly(catechin).magnified imageSuperoxide scavenging activity of poly(catechin)s, n = 3. ○: catechin, □: poly(catechin).

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“…The enzymes render phenolic compounds less toxic via degradation or polymerization reactions and/or cross-coupling of pollutant phenols with naturally occurring phenols (25,28,45). Several processes using laccases as well as immobilized laccases have been developed for the treatment of phenolic effluents and polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (3,9,12,13).…”

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Decolorization and Detoxification of Textile Dyes with a Laccase from Trametes hirsuta

Abadulla

Tzanov

Costa

et al. 2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

663

311

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Trametes hirsuta and a purified laccase from this organism were able to degrade triarylmethane, indigoid, azo, and anthraquinonic dyes. Initial decolorization velocities depended on the substituents on the phenolic rings of the dyes. Immobilization of the T. hirsuta laccase on alumina enhanced the thermal stabilities of the enzyme and its tolerance against some enzyme inhibitors, such as halides, copper chelators, and dyeing additives. The laccase lost 50% of its activity at 50 mM NaCl while the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of the immobilized enzyme was 85 mM. Treatment of dyes with the immobilized laccase reduced their toxicities (based on the oxygen consumption rate of Pseudomonas putida) by up to 80% (anthraquinonic dyes). Textile effluents decolorized with T. hirsuta or the laccase were used for dyeing. Metabolites and/or enzyme protein strongly interacted with the dyeing process indicated by lower staining levels (K/S) values than obtained with a blank using water. However, when the effluents were decolorized with immobilized laccase, they could be used for dyeing and acceptable color differences (⌬E*) below 1.1 were measured for most dyes.It is known that 90% of reactive textile dyes entering activated sludge sewage treatment plants will pass through unchanged and will be discharged to rivers (34). Not all dyes currently used could be degraded and/or removed with physical and chemical processes, and sometimes the degradation products are more toxic (40). The traditional textile finishing industry consumes about 100 liters of water to process about 1 kg of textile materials. New closed-loop technologies such as the reuse of microbially or enzymatically treated dyeing effluents could help to reduce this enormous water consumption.Several combined anaerobic and aerobic microbial treatments have been suggested to enhance the degradation of textile dyes (5, 23, 32). However, under anaerobic conditions, azo-reductases usually cleave azo dyes into the corresponding amines, many of which are mutagenic and/or carcinogenic (10,11,32). Furthermore, azo reductases have been shown to be very specific enzymes, thus cleaving only azo bonds of selected dyes (50, 51). By contrast, laccases act oxidatively and less specifically on aromatic rings, thus having potential to degrade a wider range of compounds (43).Laccases are involved in the biodegradation of lignins, which constitute the main noncarbohydrate component in wood and are among the most abundant groups of biopolymers in the biosphere. A great number of white-rot fungi have been reported to produce the lignin-degrading enzymes laccase, lignin peroxidases, and manganese peroxidases, or at least one of these enzymes (15,16,44).Laccases (benzenediol:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.10.3.2) have very broad substrate specificity with respect to the electron donor. They catalyze the removal of a hydrogen atom from the hydroxyl group of ortho-and para-substituted monoand polyphenolic substrates and from aromatic amines by one-electron abstraction to form free radicals...

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Polymerisation of Water-Insoluble Lignins byFomes annosus

Cited by 47 publications

References 5 publications

Characterisation of enzymatically oxidised lignosulfonates and their application on lignocellulosic fabrics

Characterisation of enzymatically oxidised lignosulfonates and their application on lignocellulosic fabrics

Laccase‐catalyzed Synthesis and Antioxidant Property of Poly(catechin)

Decolorization and Detoxification of Textile Dyes with a Laccase from Trametes hirsuta

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