Polymerised high internal phase emulsion micromixers for continuous emulsification

Barkan-Öztürk, Hande; Menner, Angelika; Bismarck, Alexander

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2021.117296

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Previously, it was demonstrated that the unique features of emulsion templating for the synthesis of porous polymers are the wide range of co/monomer systems , that can be used in emulsion templates and the control exerted over the emulsion structure, which after polymerization results in polyH/MIPEs with controllable porosity, pore size, surface area, degree of interconnectivity, and mechanical properties . The open porous nature of polyH/MIPEs facilitates efficient fluid transport through their monolithic structure. , Hydrogel-based polyH/MIPEs exhibit considerable water retention and sorption capabilities, and when combined with high porosity and pore interconnectivity, the polyH/MIPEs are valuable for diverse applicationsranging from tissue engineering − to adsorbers . However, large amounts of relatively expensive surfactants are required to form stable water/oil (w/o), , oil/water (o/w), , and oil/oil (o/o) emulsion templates, , which are required to successfully synthesize polyHIPEs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(acrylamide-co-styrene): A Macrosurfactant for Oil/Water Emulsion Templating toward Robust Macroporous Hydrogels

et al. 2023

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Large amounts of relatively expensive small-molecule surfactants, between 6 and 25%, are typically required for the formulation of oil/water high or medium internal phase emulsion (H/MIPE) templates. We synthesized an amphiphilic “macrosurfactant” copolymer poly(acrylamide-co-styrene) via micellar polymerization. As-synthesized poly(acrylamide-co-styrene) still associated with 0.01 wt % cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) can be used to produce stable toluene or cyclohexane-in-water H/MIPEs already at concentrations of 0.1 wt %. Emulsion templates containing 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and N,N-methylenebis(acrylamide) (MBAm) in the aqueous continuous phase can be polymerized to produce macroporous poly(HEMA-co-MBAm)M/HIPEs. Our poly(HEMA-co-MBAm)M/HIPEs synthesized in templates stabilized with much lower emulsifier content were mechanically more robust, in dry and swollen state, as compared with poly(HEMA-co-MBAm)HIPEs reported in the literature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(acrylamide-co-styrene): A Macrosurfactant for Oil/Water Emulsion Templating toward Robust Macroporous Hydrogels

et al. 2023

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“…In polyHIPEs, fluids can be effectively mixed in a laminar flow regime. 42,43 Owing to the excellent mixing effect, polyHIPE is expected to act as a highly efficient water-treatment-based material, when it is appropriately surface functionalized. 44−46 Herein, monodisperse polyHIPE beads, having their void surface decorated with DTPA (named DTPA@polyHIPE beads), were prepared for the first time and then used to remove trace heavy metal ions from water (Scheme 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PolyHIPEs are highly interconnected macroporous polymers with void sizes and interconnected pore sizes typically in the range of 5–100 and 0.5–20 μm, respectively. − PolyHIPEs are fabricated by polymerizing the continuous phase (or the monomers in it) of a HIPE and subsequently removing its dispersed phase. − Compared with a commercial helix static mixer, polyHIPE is a more efficient micromixer due to its interconnected three-dimensional (3D) porous structure. In polyHIPEs, fluids can be effectively mixed in a laminar flow regime. , Owing to the excellent mixing effect, polyHIPE is expected to act as a highly efficient water-treatment-based material, when it is appropriately surface functionalized. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aminopoly(carboxylic acid)-Functionalized PolyHIPE Beads toward Eliminating Trace Heavy Metal Ions from Water

Guo,

Wang,

You

et al. 2024

Langmuir

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Many advanced materials are designed for the removal of heavy metal ions from water. However, materials for eliminating trace heavy metal ions from wastewater to meet drinking water standards remain a major challenge. Herein, epoxy group-functionalized open-cellular beads are synthesized by UV polymerization of a water-in-oil-in-water system. The epoxy groups are further transformed into diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) with hexamethylene diamine as a bridging agent. The resulting material (DTPA@polyHIPE beads) can eliminate trace Cu(II), Cr(III), Pb(II), Fe(III), or Cd(II) from water. When 0.15 g of DTPA@polyHIPE beads are used to adsorb metal ions of 20 mg in 100 mL of water, the residue concentrations of Cu(II), Cr(III), Pb(II), Fe(III), and Cd(II) are reduced to 0.08, 0.06, 0.02, 0.09, and 0.07 mg/L, respectively. The adsorption efficiencies of the beads for these ions are all higher than 99.55%. The adsorbent is durable and exhibits good recyclability by retaining an adsorption capacity of ≥91% after 5 cycles. The negative values of ΔG in the adsorption process indicate that the adsorption is feasible and spontaneous. The chemical adsorption follows the Freundlich adsorption model, indicating a multilayer heterogeneous adsorption. The DTPA@polyHIPE beads have a great potential application in dealing with trace heavy metal ion polluted water.

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“…A straightforward method to produce gradient cellular structures is additive manufacturing, − for example, fused deposition modeling. A cellular structure with gradient foam density can be created by depositing layers with a gradually changing infilling degree.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…McKenzie et al 31 reported the synthesis of elastic poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) with bidirectional gradient porosity (75 → 70 → 60 → 70 → 75%) by horizontally placing and polymerizing emulsions with different internal phase ratios. Barkan-Öztürk et al 14 prepared emulsion templates by coinjection of a continuous and internal phase into a micromixer. By changing the injection rate and back pressure, emulsion templates with adjustable gradient internal phase volume ratios ranging from 74 to 89% and droplet diameters were prepared continuously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionally Gradient Macroporous Polymers: Emulsion Templating Offers Control over Density, Pore Morphology, and Composition

Xu,

Tang,

Nok-iangthong

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Gradient macroporous polymers were produced by polymerization of emulsion templates comprising a continuous monomer phase and an internal aqueous template phase. To produce macroporous polymers with gradient composition, pore size, and foam density, we varied the template formulation, droplet size, and internal phase ratio of emulsion templates continuously and stacked those prior to polymerization. Using the outlined approach, it is possible to vary one property along the resulting macroporous polymer while retaining the other properties. The elastic moduli and crush strengths change along the gradient of the macroporous polymers; their mechanical properties are dominated by those of the weakest layers in the gradient. Macroporous polymers with gradient chemical composition and thus stiffness provide both high impact load and energy adsorption, rendering the gradient foam suitable for impact protective applications. We show that dual-dispensing and simultaneous blending of two different emulsion formulations in various ratios results in a fine, bidirectional change of the template composition, enabling the production of true gradient macroporous polymers with a high degree of design freedom.

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Polymerised high internal phase emulsion micromixers for continuous emulsification

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Poly(acrylamide-co-styrene): A Macrosurfactant for Oil/Water Emulsion Templating toward Robust Macroporous Hydrogels

Poly(acrylamide-co-styrene): A Macrosurfactant for Oil/Water Emulsion Templating toward Robust Macroporous Hydrogels

Aminopoly(carboxylic acid)-Functionalized PolyHIPE Beads toward Eliminating Trace Heavy Metal Ions from Water

Functionally Gradient Macroporous Polymers: Emulsion Templating Offers Control over Density, Pore Morphology, and Composition

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