Polymerizable and Nonpolymerizable Isophthalic Acid Derivatives as Surfactants in Emulsion Polymerization

Abstract

This article presents an initial study on the use of polymerizable and nonpolymerizable isophthalic acid derivatives as novel emulsifiers in emulsion polymerization. The polymerization process and the final latex properties are compared to latices made under the same conditions with commercial surfactants: sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and potassium pentadecanoate (C15A). The use of the difunctional isophthalic acid appears to increase the stability of the polymer dispersion. This stabilization effect was further improved by introducing polymerizable derivatives. This kind of emulsion polymerization process is a new way of creating functional nanoparticles.

Treatment of recurrent stroke and pulmonary thromboembolism with percutaneous closure of a patent foramen ovale and placement of inferior vena cava filter

“…The observation agreed with the results obtained by other researchers 15, 25. This fact has been mentioned in the literature26 as an effect of the absorbed surfactants and the electrical double layers that may become significant for small particle sizes because of the shrinkage of the dried particles in the electron beam. It is obvious that the highly effective, steric barriers can be generated by these adsorbed hydrophilic blocks.…”

Emulsion Polymerization Mechanism

“…Polymerizable surfactants (surfactants with active double bond) such as sodium dodecyl allyl sulfosuccinate [13,[22][23][24]] also used to produce latexes with chemically bound surface-active groups [5,[25][26][27][28][29][30]31]. Polymerized surfactants (surfactants with active double bond) consist of amphipathic structure comprising hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head group [32], in addition to polymerized vinyl groups [33] in their molecular structure, which acquire them unique physicochemical properties other than traditional surfactants moieties [34] such as;…”

Investigation of Optimum Polymerization Conditions for Synthesis of Cross-Linked Polyacrylamide-Amphoteric Surfmer Nanocomposites for Polymer Flooding in Sandstone Reservoirs

“…Polymeric surfactants (surfmers) are functional surfactants, have amphiphilic structure [28], and contain polymerizable vinyl double bonds [29] in their molecular architecture resulting in novel physicochemical properties distinct from conventional surfactants [30] and can be copolymerized with double bond containing monomers. During emulsion polymerization process, the ingredients concentration greatly affects polymerization behavior.…”