Polymerization and surface modification by low pressure plasma technique

Surface modification of fabrics for improved flash‐fire resistance using atmospheric pressure plasma in the presence of a functionalized clay and polysiloxane

“…Attempts to improve the flame resistance of underlying fabrics by plasma treatments have recently been reviewed by Horrocks9 and, in the majority of cases, reported research uses low pressure plasma which are effectively promoting graft polymerization of potentially flame retarding comonomers on to the fiber substrate surfaces. While high levels of grafting are often achieved with values as high as almost 40 wt% being reported on cotton for example with accompanying high levels of flame retardancy, which as determined by limiting oxygen index (LOI) yield values approaching 30 vol%,10–12 the resulting grafts have poor durability. This is most likely a consequence of both high levels of ungrafted surface polymer being present, coupled with an absence of ordered physical structure within the grafted surface layer.…”

“…This remote plasma‐assisted polymerization is similar to that used by Tsafack et al . above10–12 except that the monomer is in the vapor phase prior to polymeric deposition. Thermogravimetry showed that the thermal stability in air of deposited coatings as the increasingly oxygenated polysiloxane coating transformed to a silica‐based structure at about 800 o C. This gives the opportunity for a thermal barrier effect coupled with a moderate increase in flame retardancy of a coated polyamide 6 film and a surprising increase in the flame resistance of the nanocomposite polyamide six films and LOI >45 vol%.…”

Fire‐retardant copolymer of acrylonitrile with O,O‐diethyl‐O‐allyl thiophosphate

“…These comonomers include vinylidene chloride, vinyl chloride, and the corresponding bromides 33. Some phosphorus‐containing flame retardants have been already applied to PAN fibers and fabrics and were found to be suitable for these applications 34–37. However, there are have been few reports in recent years by researchers who have studied flame retardants simultaneously containing sulfur and phosphorus 28, 29, 38, 39…”

Tetrakis(trimethysilyl)hypophosphate P2O2(OTMS)4: Synthesis, reactivity and application as flame retardant

“…We became interested in organohypophosphates as potential flame retardants as part of an ongoing program established in our laboratory [21][22][23]. We report here two synthetic routes to obtain the previously unknown persilylated tetrakis(trimethysilyl)hypophosphate.…”