Polymerization of acrylamide in the presence of potassium persulphate at low temperatures

A review of cryogels synthesis, characterization and applications on the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions

“…where n is the number of free radical(s) produced. The polymerization reaction is initiated by methods such as using chemical initiators such as ammonium persulfate (APS) [159][160][161][162][163] or potassium persulphate (KPS) [52,[164][165][166], potassium diperiodatocuprate [110], Ce 4+ Isopropyl Alcohol Redox System [140], reduction of hydrogen peroxide or an alkyl hydrogen peroxide by iron (II) [167] and irradiation such as UV irradiation [168,169], photolysis of azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) [170], gamma irradiation [171]. N,N,N,N-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) [172][173][174][175][176] is often used to regulate the decomposition of persulfate at room or at subzero temperature and therefore accelerate the generation of radicals.…”

Kinetic Analysis of the 60Co γ Ray-Initiated Inverse Emulsion Polymerization of Sodium Acrylate Solutions

“…After the pioneering work of Vanderhoff et al, inverse emulsion polymerization has attracted considerable attention more recently, with the increasing application of synthetic water-soluble polymers such as polyacrylamide, polyacrylate salt, and their copolymers, because of its main advantages: (1) high molecular weight polymers are readily prepared with high polymerization rate, and (2) the obtained polymers are easily dissolved in water by phase inversion of the polymer latex. Despite numerous studies on the polymerization mechanisms and kinetics of inverse emulsion polymerization, − detailed analysis of the polymerization kinetics has been sparse. We have studied the kinetics of the inverse emulsion polymerization of sodium acrylate solutions in kerosene containing Span 80 as the emulsifier with 60 Co γ ray 20,21,25 and potassium persulfate initiation 26 and proposed a kinetic model to analyze the conversion−time curves .…”