Polymerization of oil‐in‐water microemulsions: Polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate

Jayakrishnan, A.; Shah, D. O.

doi:10.1002/pol.1984.130220106

Cited by 82 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The particle size of the product is directly determined by the droplet size in the reverse micelles and thus by the type and concentration of surfactants. Anionic [80][81][82] (e.g., sodium bis(2-ethylhexylsulfosuccinate) (AOT) and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)), non-anionic [83,84] (e.g., polyethoxylates and Lutensol AT50) and cationic [85][86][87][88] (e.g., cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and cetyltrimethylammonium (CTMA)) surfactants can be utilized. The molar ratio of water to surfactant can also be changed to determine the diameter of the reverse microemulsion droplets [89].…”

Section: Synthesis Of the Superparamagnetic Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in surface engineering of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Mahmoudi

Simchi

Imani

2010

JICS

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Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are promising materials for various biomedical applications including targeted drug delivery and imaging, hyperthermia, magneto-transfections, gene therapy, stem cell tracking, molecular/cellular tracking, magnetic separation technologies (e.g. rapid DNA sequencing), and detection of liver and lymph node metastases. The most recent applications for SPIONs for early detection of inflammatory, cancer, diabetes and atherosclerosis have also increased their popularity in academia. In order to increase the efficacy of SPIONs in the desired applications, especial surface coating/characteristics are required. The aim of this article is to review the surface properties of magnetic nanoparticles upon synthesis and the surface engineering by different coatings. The biological aspects, cytotoxicity, and health risks are addressed. Special emphasis is given to organic and inorganic-based coatings due to their determinant role in biocompatibility or toxicity of the final particles.

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Section: Synthesis Of the Superparamagnetic Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in surface engineering of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Mahmoudi

Simchi

Imani

2010

JICS

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“…Johnson and Gulari (t4) polymerized diluted styrene oil-in-water microemulsions using potassium persulfate or 2,2 v -azobis(isobutyronitrile) initiators, and measured the size of the microemulsion droplets and latex particles by photon correlation spectroscopy. Jayakrishnan and Shah (15) polymerized styrene and methyl methacrylate oil-in-water microemulsions using 2,2 ! -azobis(isobutyronitrile) or benzoyl peroxide initiators.…”

Section: Guo Et Al Microemidsion Polymerization Of Styrenementioning

confidence: 99%

Microemulsion Polymerization of Styrene

Guo

El‐Aasser

Vanderhoff

1989

ACS Symposium Series

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The polymerization of styrene microemulsions prepared from water, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and 1-pentanol was carried out using water-soluble potassium persulfate or oil-soluble 2,2'-azobis(2-methyl butyronitrile) initiator at 70°C. The latexes were stable, bluish, and less trans lucent than the microemulsions. The polymerization rates measured by dilatometry increased to a maximum and then decreased (only two intervals). The maximum polymeriza tion rate and number of particles varied with the 0.47 and 0.40 powers of potassium persulfate concentration, and the 0.39 and 0.38 powers of 2,2'-azobis(2-methyl bu tyronitrile) concentration, respectively. The small aver age latex particle sizes (20-30 nm) and high polymer mo lecular weights (1-2x106) showed that each latex particle comprised only 2-3 polystyrene molecules. The number of particles remained unchanged when the styrene was diluted with toluene at constant oil-phase volume. The mechanism proposed for both water-soluble and oil-soluble initia tors comprised nucleation in the microemulsion droplets by radical entry from the aqueous phase, with the drop lets which did not capture radicals serving as reservoirs to supply monomer to the polymer particles (homogeneous nucleation was not ruled out, however). This mechanism was compared with those proposed for conventional emul sion polymerization and miniemulsion polymerization.Many workers have studied microemulsions since the concept was intro duced in 1943 by Hoar and Schulman (χ), who showed that mixtures of oil, water, and alkali-metal soaps with certain alcohols or amines formed transparent dispersions, which they called "oleopathic hydromicelles. n The research then continued desultorily for 30 years, but accelerated when microemulsions were found to be effective in enhan ced oil recovery (2-4). The literature on microemulsions is now ex tensive and includes several books (5-12) published since 1977·

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“…[1][2][3] Polymerization in microemulsions allows the synthesis of ultra fine latex particles within the size range of 10 -100 nm and with narrow size distributions. 4 -9 In contrast to the opaque and milky conventional emulsions and miniemulsions, microemulsions are isotropic, optically transparent, or translucent, and thermodynamically stable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles carrying hydroxyl groups produced by microemulsion

Özer

Beşkardeş

Zareie

et al. 2001

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Methylmethacrylate and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate were polymerized in oil-in-water microemulsions that were stabilized by cetyltrimetylammonium bromide (CTAB). Microemulsions that prepared changed continuously from transparent microemulsions to turbid emulsions by increasing the HEMA weight percentage as a comonomer. Polymerization was initiated with an oil-soluble initiator, azobisizobutyronitrile (AIBN). Stable P(MMA-HEMA) latexes were obtained about 40 nm in diameter. Molecular weights of the copolymers were in the range of 1.89 -2.03 ϫ 10 6 . The glass transition temperatures of these copolymers, which were obtained by differential scanning calorimeter, were in the range of 95-99°C. The comonomer ratio in the final copolymers were obtained from the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, which were smaller than the comonomer ratios used in the original recipes.

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Polymerization of oil‐in‐water microemulsions: Polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate

Cited by 82 publications

References 15 publications

Recent advances in surface engineering of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Recent advances in surface engineering of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Microemulsion Polymerization of Styrene

Nanoparticles carrying hydroxyl groups produced by microemulsion

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