Polymerization of phenyl glycidyl ether induced by tertiary amines in the absence of proton donating compounds

Sorokin, M.F.; Shode, L. G.; Shteinpress, A. B.

doi:10.1016/0032-3950(71)90281-4

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The polymerization rate was followed by 1 H NMR and SEC measurements. 1 H NMR showed the decrease of the resonance at 2.5−2.7 ppm corresponding to the opening of the epoxide ring that was compared to the polyether massif around 3.8 ppm. − SEC measurements also allowed for plotting monomer conversion versus time by determining the monomer and polymer concentrations from their refractometer peak integration. No refractive index correction was necessary in this particular case …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) is generally used as a model monomer for the study of epoxy matrix hardening as its structure is close to the common reactant 2,2-bis[4-(glycidyloxy)phenyl]propane (DGEBA). − Solution polymerization of PGE has been reported in the past 40 years using anionic, cationic, or nucleophilic initiators. − In particular, detailed kinetic studies on the anionic polymerization of PGE were quoted mainly by Stolarzewicz , and others. , One major drawback reported by these authors is that numerous chain transfer reactions can coexist with the anionic polymerization of epoxides. Transfer reactions to the initiator 15-17 or to solvent 20 cause end-chain defects, whereas transfer to monomer 18 produces new active centers containing aliphatic double bonds and carbonyl groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10][11][12] Solution polymerization of PGE has been reported in the past 40 years using anionic, 13 cationic, 14 or nucleophilic initiators. [15][16][17] In particular, detailed kinetic studies on the anionic polymerization of PGE were quoted mainly by Stolarzewicz 18,19 and others. 20,21 One major drawback reported by these authors is that numerous chain transfer reactions can coexist with the anionic polymerization of epoxides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anionic Polymerization of Phenyl Glycidyl Ether in Miniemulsion

et al. 2000

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The anionic polymerization of phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) in miniemulsion was investigated. Didodecyldimethylammonium hydroxide was used as an inisurf, i.e., exhibiting both surface-active properties and the ability to initiate polymerization by means of its hydroxide counterion. Stable miniemulsions were obtained by ultrasonication, and then polymerization was carried out to produce genuine R,ω-dihydroxylated polyether chains as revealed by 1 H NMR, FTIR, or mass spectroscopic methods. The average molecular weight could be increased by varying the initiator concentration, type and concentration of surfactants or by adding a cosurfactant (typically alcohol). In all attempts, polymer chains increased in size with conversion but remained small, with a critical polymerization degree of DP max ) 8. A mechanism was proposed to account for these results. From these observations, phenyl glycidyl ether could be used as a model monomer to investigate ionic polymerization in miniemulsion.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anionic Polymerization of Phenyl Glycidyl Ether in Miniemulsion

et al. 2000

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“…Although Fischer [27] reported the same effect of added catalysts, he did not assume that the alcoholysis reaction preceded the reaction of the epoxy groups, due to the observation that an increase in the hydroxyl concentration did not increase the reaction rate. Sorokin et al [28] also studied the curing of epoxy resins and showed that two main reactions occur during curing with and without a catalyst, namely, alcoholysis and the reaction of the nascent monoester with the epoxy group. No reactions between epoxy groups and hydroxyls were observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of resin stoichiometry and nanoparticle addition on epoxy/silica nanodielectrics

Nguyen

Vaughan

Lewin

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

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Epoxy-based systems are used widely as dielectrics in electrical applications and, in such systems, the chosen stoichiometry is important in determining the nature of the molecular network that forms and, hence, the physical properties of the final system. However, the inclusion of nanoparticles with large interfacial areas into epoxy systems may introduce additional chemical reactions between moieties on the nanoparticle surfaces and the reactants, or may alter the rate and sequence of the various chemical pathways that occur during curing, with the consequence that the cross-linked network that forms within the matrix polymer will be altered. This study set out to investigate the effects of resin stoichiometry on material properties, including the glass transition temperature and electrical breakdown strength of an epoxy resin and its nanocomposites filled with silica particles, which were introduced using a Nanopox masterbatch system. The results indicate that the nanosilica affects network formation in complex ways and that the concept of an optimum stoichiometry is highly dependent upon the property of interest. From the perspective of breakdown strength, a stoichiometric excess of anhydride hardener is detrimental; the introduction of nanoparticles has a comparable effect to an excess of hardener.

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“…(4) to the global mechanism must be taken seriously into consideration. (4) to the global mechanism must be taken seriously into consideration.…”

Section: General Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of step‐growth polymerizations using epoxy‐carboxy reaction, 4. Study of the epoxy‐carboxy reaction carried out in the melt on high molecular weight models

Madec

Maréchal

1983

Makromol. Chem.

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Epoxy-carboxy polycondensation is studied in the melt by use of the octadecanoic acid11 -dodecyloxy-2,3-epoxypropane reaction as a model. The catalyst is N,N-dimethyldodecylamine. The results obtained from these high molecular weight models show that, as for the studies performed in a solvent, two main reactions take place. The experiments are carried out under stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric conditions. It appears that, due to the strong interaction between epoxy compound and amine, a polymerization of oxirane takes place to a small extent, being a side reaction of the system. As a consequence, epoxy groups are consumed more rapidly than acid groups. Nevertheless, an approximation allowed the determination of the rate constants relative to the two main reactions. Activation parameters of these reactions are reported. a) Part 3: cf.3).

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Polymerization of phenyl glycidyl ether induced by tertiary amines in the absence of proton donating compounds

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Anionic Polymerization of Phenyl Glycidyl Ether in Miniemulsion

Anionic Polymerization of Phenyl Glycidyl Ether in Miniemulsion

The effect of resin stoichiometry and nanoparticle addition on epoxy/silica nanodielectrics

Study of step‐growth polymerizations using epoxy‐carboxy reaction, 4. Study of the epoxy‐carboxy reaction carried out in the melt on high molecular weight models

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