Polymerization of styrene initiated by bifunctional peroxides

Yenal'ev, V.D.; Zaitseva, V. V.; Sadovskii, Yu. S.; Sadovskaya, T.N.; Nazarova, Z.F.

doi:10.1016/0032-3950(65)90054-7

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In the 1970's, the Pennwalt Corporation Company filed several patents for the production of bifunctional initiators . The main idea behind these patents was the modification of polymer properties and the improvement of quality control procedures at plant site through utilization of multifuctional peroxides, as analyzed originally by Yenal'ev et al . and studied intensively throughout the 1970's and beginning of 1980's .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of multifunctional initiators in free radical polymerization processes can allow for the production of polymer materials with higher average molar masses at higher reaction rates (when compared with similar monofunctional initiators), giving flexibility for modification and design of the mechanical and structural properties of the polymer grades produced at plant site . However, application of multifunctional initiators is predominantly performed in styrene polymerizations, mainly in bulk and solution processes …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solution styrene polymerizations performed with multifunctional initiators

Mermier

Castor

Pinto

2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This paper analyzes the performance of multifunctional initiators frequently used in the literature and in the industry for the production of polystyrene (PS). Polymerizations of styrene in ethylbenzene were conducted in batch at high temperatures (120°C) until conversions around 70%, as frequent in industrial sites. Polymerizations were conducted in glass test ampoules with different concentrations and types of initiators, parameterized in terms of the active oxygen concentration. The results showed that when used at similar active oxygen concentrations, the use of the tetrafunctional initiator tetrakis(tertbutylperoxy carbonate) can allow for the production of polymer resins with significant higher average molar masses with similar polymerization rates, which can be very useful at plant site for the modification of polymer grades. Besides, the results show that the decomposition of one peroxide group of the analyzed multifunctional initiators does not affect the rates of decomposition of the remaining ones significantly, as reaction proceeds as initiated by a monofunctional initiator. Finally, although described in previous styrene polymerization studies, the use of the trifunctional initiator 3,6,9‐triethyl 3,6,9‐trimethyl‐1,4,7 triperoxonane is difficult to justify in commercial units, given its very high half‐life time. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42609.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution styrene polymerizations performed with multifunctional initiators

Mermier

Castor

Pinto

2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Os iniciadores multifuncionais do tipo peróxido destinados aos processos de polimerização por radicais livres têm função de aumentar as taxas de reação e de elevar a massa molar simultaneamente, podendo introduzir certo grau de ramificação na estrutura macromolecular e modificar as propriedades mecânicas de diversos materiais poliméricos (Yenalev et al 1965;Chen 2000;Scorah et al 2004). A maioria destes iniciadores é aplicada na polimerização do estireno nos processos de polimerização em massa e em solução.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Métodos operacionais para aumento de massa molar na polimerização do estireno

Castor¹,

Nele²,

Pinto³

et al. 2015

Anais Do XX Congresso Brasileiro De Engenharia Química

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RESUMO-Nos processos de polimerização por radicais livres existem diferentes estratégias para aumentar a massa molar do polímero; por exemplo, o emprego de iniciadores multifuncionais. Porém, altos custos desses iniciadores e restrições de transporte e armazenamento tornam o processo bastante oneroso. Como alternativa, este trabalho investigou os efeitos de pequenas concentrações do agente reticulante divinilbenzeno (DVB) na produção de poli(estireno) (PS) na presença de etilbenzeno como solvente. Reações em modo contínuo foram conduzidas na presença e ausência do DVB, e na presença dos iniciadores do tipo peróxido, mono e bifuncional. Os experimentos foram caracterizados quanto à cinética, à distribuição de massa molar e à viscosidade em solução. Observou-se que os iniciadores multifuncionais não modificaram significativamente nem a conversão nem a massa molar do PS. O DVB apresentou um efeito modesto na conversão; no entanto, o seu efeito na massa molar do polímero foi bastante pronunciado.

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Polymers with peroxidic functional groups. I. Copolymers of di(t‐butylperoxy) fumarate

Mageli

Light

Gallagher

1968

J. polym. sci., C Polym. symp.

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SynopsisDi(t-butylperoxy) fumarate was copolymerized with styrene, butadiene, acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate to give copolymers containing pendant peroxyester functions. Another peroxide was generally used for initiating polymerization: however, experiments were carried out with di(t-butylperoxy) fumarate as both initiating species and comonomer. The active oxygen contents and intrinsic viscosities were determined for these copolymers. A copolymer of styrene and di(t-butylperoxy) fumarate synthesized from monomers in equal weight ratio had an active oxygen content of 5.3% and a peroxide halflife of 7.7 hr. at 85OC. in benzene. This peroxide was used as a catalyst for the curing of polyester resins and as an initiator for styrene bulk polymerization. The monomer reactivity ratios for the monomer pair styrene-di(t-butylperoxy) fumarate were determined. Graft copolymers were made by grafting methyl methacrylate on a styrene-di(t-butylperoxy) fumarate copolymer and also by grafting styrene on a vinyl acetate-di(t-butylperoxy) fumarate copolymer. These graft copolymers were used to enhance the stability of homopolymer-solvent mixtures. A novel ABS type of resin was synthesized by grafting styrene and acrylonitrile on the copolymer system butadiene-di(t-butylperoxy) fumarate. Another novel resin was synthesized by grafting butadiene on the terpolymer system styrene-acrylonitrile-di(t-butylperoxy) fumarate. A homopolymer of di(t-butylperoxy) fumarate was also prepared and used as a catalyst for the curing of polyester resins.

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Polymerization of styrene initiated by bifunctional peroxides

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Solution styrene polymerizations performed with multifunctional initiators

Solution styrene polymerizations performed with multifunctional initiators

Métodos operacionais para aumento de massa molar na polimerização do estireno

Polymers with peroxidic functional groups. I. Copolymers of di(t‐butylperoxy) fumarate

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