Polymerization of vinyl monomers on the surface of chalk activated by dicarboxyl-containing peroxide

Попов, В. А.; Zvereva, Yu.A.; Grishin, A.N.; Palayeva, T.V.; Fomin, V. A.

doi:10.1016/0032-3950(82)90143-5

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Physical activation can be done by such methods as milling and dispersing in the presence of the monomer, plasma treatment, and exposure to ionizing radiation [20][21][22]. Chemical activation involves securing on the filler surface of polymerizable groups such as peroxides [289][290].…”

Section: Preparation Of Polymerization-filled Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filled polymers: Mechanical properties and processability

Enikolopyan

Fridman

Stal'nova

et al. 1990

Filled Polymers I Science and Technology

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In this review the wide spectrum of properties of filled polymer systems is generalized. Classical and modern conceptions dealing with the influence of the boundary layer and filler on melting and crystallization of the polymer matrix. Polymer properties in the melted and condensed state are considered, attention being given to the influence of the filler particle size and shape, the nature of its surface, its structure, and agglomeration on the theological and mechanical characteristics of composites.Data on structure and properties of filled thermoplastic composites are summarized for the first time. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of composites with modified polymerized filler behavior during rheological and mechanical testing and processing of such composites. IntroductionPolymeric composite materials (PCM) belong to one of the most important classes of structural materials attracting ever growing interest, as manifested by the huge flow of published scientific and technical information dealing with the problems of developing, preparing, processing and using PCM [1]. Whereas the oil and gas fuel crisis has receded recently, the problem of their restrained use still remains an urgent one if only because the oil and gas reserves are not unlimited and practically non-reproducible. Estimates by specialists have shown [2,3] that the development of PCM with a view to cut the consumption of polymeric materials can only be economically feasible if not less than 15% by volume of the filler are added.Waste products from a number of commercial processes can be used as cheap and readily available fillers for PCM. For example, lightweight structural materials may be obtained by filling various low-viscous resins with waste materials [4,5]. Also by adding fillers to reprocessed polymers it is possible to improve their properties considerably and thus return them to service [6]. This method of waste utilization is not only economically feasible but also serves an ecological purpose, since it will help to protect the environment from contamination. The maximum percentage of the filler should in these cases be such as to assure reliable service of the article made from the PCM under specified conditions for a specified period of time.However, the chief purpose of introduction of fillers into PCM is to make possible the modification of polymers and thereby create materials with a prescribed set of physico-mechanical properties, and, obviously, the properties of filled materials may be controlled by, for example, varying the type of the base polymer (the "matrix") and filler, its particle size distribution and shape. It may not require a large quantity of filler [7]. Thanks to considerable advances in PCM research, their use in a broad range of industries -machine building, construction, aerospace technology, etc. -has become extensive [8][9][10][11].Development of an assortment of polymeric composite materials, decSsions concerning their possible scope of applicability and service conditions involve research in...

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Section: Preparation Of Polymerization-filled Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filled polymers: Mechanical properties and processability

Enikolopyan

Fridman

Stal'nova

et al. 1990

Filled Polymers I Science and Technology

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“…In a number of works, attempts to locate the graft‐copolymerization initiating sites at the phase boundary of the emulsion system5, 6 and at the interface of polymer blends4, 7, 8 using low molecular weight peroxides and coupling agents proved to be successful. To realize these objectives, peroxide groups were immobilized on the filler surface via the chemisorption of a dicarboxylic peroxide9 or a functionalized dialkyl peroxide 10…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyperoxidic surfactants for interface modification and compatibilization of polymer colloidal systems. II. design of compatibilizing layers

Voronov

Tokarev

Datsyuk

et al. 2000

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The polymer peroxide surfactants obtained by copolymerization of a peroxide monomer with maleic anhydride were either physically or chemically sorbed on the dispersed-phase surfaces, for example, on mineral fillers and latex particles. Subsequent initiation of graft copolymerization from the surface resulted in the formation of interfacial compatibilizing polymer layers in water emulsions and dispersed-filled polyethylene. The morphology of the resulting filled polymer was characterized by scanning electron microscopy.

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“…Its features are the following: (a) At a relatively short time after the start of the process, the grafting amount approaches a plateau value; , however, especially for methacrylates, the acceleration of grafting (like the Trommsdorff effect) has been observed. ,,,, (b) A pronounced dependence on monomer concentration occurs. ,− (the grafting rate order in monomer concentration is very often larger than 1). (c) A low efficiency (0.01−0.45) of the initiation reaction is noted. ,, (d) The polymerization rate order on the initiator concentration is 0.5−1 (often it is higher than 0.5). − ,,, (e) Very often, the grafted polymer layer is composed of partially cross-linked polymer . (f) Both a decrease and an increase of the grafting amount with an increase of the molecular weight of the grafted chains has been observed. , (g) Free radicals can react with a solid substrate, and in some cases, this causes the inhibition effect .…”

Section: Brief Review Of the Literature Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5,12 (d) The polymerization rate order on the initiator concentration is 0.5-1 (often it is higher than 0.5). [5][6][7]11,13,14 (e) Very often, the grafted polymer layer is composed of partially cross-linked polymer. 9 (f) Both a decrease and an increase of the grafting amount with an increase of the molecular weight of the grafted chains has been observed.…”

Section: Brief Review Of the Literature Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Radical Polymerization Initiated from a Solid Substrate. 1. Theoretical Background

et al. 1999

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From a survey of the literature on grafting free radical polymerization from solid surfaces we suggest kinetic schemes for the process. The system of differential equations in partial derivatives including the diffusion equation based on the classical theory of free radical polymerization and the assumption that surface-bonded free radicals terminate by (1) reactions with bulk free radicals and (2) chain transfer to solvent or monomer are introduced. Computer simulations performed using the equations have shown good agreement with the characteristic features of the grafting process. The rate of grafting is linearly proportional to the surface concentration of the initiator and decreases as the initiation rate in the bulk increases. It follows from the concentration profiles of the bulk free radicals that free radical concentration in the vicinity of the surface can be several times larger than that in the bulk. The concentration profile depends on the distance between two surfaces. For distances less than a critical distance of about 2 μm, the concentration profile of the bulk free radicals is homogeneous.

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Polymerization of vinyl monomers on the surface of chalk activated by dicarboxyl-containing peroxide

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Filled polymers: Mechanical properties and processability

Filled polymers: Mechanical properties and processability

Polyperoxidic surfactants for interface modification and compatibilization of polymer colloidal systems. II. design of compatibilizing layers

Radical Polymerization Initiated from a Solid Substrate. 1. Theoretical Background

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