Polymers and Adsorbents from Agricultural Waste

Riedel, Sebastian L.; Brigham, Christopher J.

doi:10.1002/9781119383956.ch22

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…When neglecting the water content in the substrate of 47.2% (Saad et al, 2021 ), an even higher conversion yield of 0.70 g PHA g dry FPE −1 was achieved. Such a yield is very similar to PHA yields reported for other cultivations with oleaginous (waste) feedstock (Lakshmanan et al, 2020 ; Riedel & Brigham, 2019 , 2020 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Polyhydroxyalkanoate production from animal by‐products: Development of a pneumatic feeding system for solid fat/protein‐emulsions

Gutschmann

Högl

Huang

et al. 2022

Microbial Biotechnology

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Fat‐containing animal by‐product streams are locally available in large quantities. Depending on their quality, they can be inexpensive substrates for biotechnological processes. To accelerate industrial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) bioplastic production, the development of efficient bioprocesses that are based on animal by‐product streams is a promising approach to reduce overall production costs. However, the solid nature of animal by‐product streams requires a tailor‐made process development. In this study, a fat/protein‐emulsion (FPE), which is a by‐product stream from industrial‐scale pharmaceutical heparin production and of which several hundred tons are available annually, was evaluated for PHA production with Ralstonia eutropha . The FPE was used as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen in shake flask and bioreactor cultivations. A tailored pneumatic feeding system was built for laboratory bioreactors to facilitate fed‐batch cultivations with the solid FPE. The process yielded up to 51 g L −1 cell dry weight containing 71 wt% PHA with a space–time yield of 0.6 g PHA L −1 h −1 without using any carbon or nitrogen sources other than FPE. The presented approach highlights the potential of animal by‐product stream valorization into PHA and contributes to a transition towards a circular bioeconomy.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Polyhydroxyalkanoate production from animal by‐products: Development of a pneumatic feeding system for solid fat/protein‐emulsions

Gutschmann

Högl

Huang

et al. 2022

Microbial Biotechnology

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“…However, depending on the protein content, the animal byproducts could maybe serve as complex carbon and nitrogen source. Also, further bioprocess development in bioreactors is necessary to find out whether the animal byproduct streams not only meet the criteria leading to a PHA enrichment of [ 50 wt% per cell but also meet other criteria such as supporting high productivity and total PHA production, which are described in the literature (Koller et al 2017;Riedel and Brigham 2019;Zheng et al 2020) as prerequisites for successful PHA production. Therefore, distinct feeding strategies must be developed for each animal by-product stream.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-quality animal by-product streams for the production of PHA-biopolymers: fats, fat/protein-emulsions and materials with high ash content as low-cost feedstocks

Saad

Gutschmann

Grimm³

et al. 2020

Biotechnol Lett

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Objective The rapid accumulation of crude-oil based plastics in the environment is posing a fundamental threat to the future of mankind. The biodegradable and bio-based polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) can replace conventional plastics, however, their current production costs are not competitive and therefore prohibiting PHAs from fulfilling their potential. Results Different low-quality animal by-products, which were separated by thermal hydrolysis into a fat-, fat/protein-emulsion- and mineral-fat-mixture- (material with high ash content) phase, were successfully screened as carbon sources for the production of PHA. Thereby, Ralstonia eutropha Re2058/pCB113 accumulated the short- and medium-chain-length copolymer poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(HB-co-HHx)]. Up to 90 wt% PHA per cell dry weight with HHx-contents of 12–26 mol% were produced in shake flask cultivations. Conclusion In future, the PHA production cost could be lowered by using the described animal by-product streams as feedstock. Graphical abstract

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“…They are biodegradable and biocompatible substitutes to petroleum-based plastics (Wang and Chen 2017 ; Meereboer et al 2020 ). Beside recovery, the costs of the carbon feedstock is the most important cost factor for industrial production (Riedel and Brigham 2019 ; da Cruz Pradella 2020 ). According to Toldrá-Reig et al, about one third of the waste animal fats (WAF) are residuals from Europe’s meat industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Workflow for shake flask and plate cultivations with fats for polyhydroxyalkanoate bioproduction

Riedel,

Donicz,

Ferré-Aparicio

et al. 2023

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Since natural resources for the bioproduction of commodity chemicals are scarce, waste animal fats (WAF) are an interesting alternative biogenic residual feedstock. They appear as by-product from meat production, but several challenges are related to their application: first, the high melting points (up to 60 °C); and second, the insolubility in the polar water phase of cultivations. This leads to film and clump formation in shake flasks and microwell plates, which inhibits microbial consumption. In this study, different flask and well designs were investigated to identify the most suitable experimental set-up and further to create an appropriate workflow to achieve the required reproducibility of growth and product synthesis. The dissolved oxygen concentration was measured in-line throughout experiments. It became obvious that the gas mass transfer differed strongly among the shake flask design variants in cultivations with the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) accumulating organism Ralstonia eutropha. A high reproducibility was achieved for certain flask or well plate design variants together with tailored cultivation conditions. Best results were achieved with bottom baffled glass and bottom baffled single-use shake flasks with flat membranes, namely, >6 g L-1 of cell dry weight (CDW) with >80 wt% polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from 1 wt% WAF. Improved pre-emulsification conditions for round microwell plates resulted in a production of 14 g L-1 CDW with a PHA content of 70 wt% PHB from 3 wt% WAF. The proposed workflow allows the rapid examination of fat material as feedstock, in the microwell plate and shake flask scale, also beyond PHA production. Key points • Evaluation of shake flask designs for cultivating with hydrophobic raw materials • Development of a workflow for microwell plate cultivations with hydrophobic raw materials • Production of polyhydroxyalkanoate in small scale experiments from waste animal fat Graphical Abstract

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Polymers and Adsorbents from Agricultural Waste

Cited by 10 publications

References 107 publications

Polyhydroxyalkanoate production from animal by‐products: Development of a pneumatic feeding system for solid fat/protein‐emulsions

Polyhydroxyalkanoate production from animal by‐products: Development of a pneumatic feeding system for solid fat/protein‐emulsions

Low-quality animal by-product streams for the production of PHA-biopolymers: fats, fat/protein-emulsions and materials with high ash content as low-cost feedstocks

Workflow for shake flask and plate cultivations with fats for polyhydroxyalkanoate bioproduction

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