Polymers for Chemical Sensors Using Hydrosilylation Chemistry

Abstract

SummarySorbent and functionalized polymers play a key role in a diverse set of fields, including chemical sensors, separation membranes, solid-phase extraction techniques, and chromatography. Sorbent polymers are critical to a number of sensor array or "electronic nose" systems. The responses of the sensors in the array give rise to patterns that can be used to distinguish one compound from another, provided that a sufficiently diverse set of sensing materials is present in the array. Figure S1 illustrates the concept of several sensors, each with a different sensor coating, giving rise to variable responses to an analyte that appear as a pattern in bar-graph format. Using hydrosilylation as the bond-forming reaction, we have developed a versatile and efficient approach to developing sorbent polymers with diverse interactive properties for sensor applications. Both the chemical and physical properties of these polymers are predictable and tunable by design.

Analysis of the detection of organophosphate pesticides in aqueous solutions using polymer-coated SH-SAW sensor arrays

“…BPA-HMTS and BPA-PDMS are polymers which are synthesized at Marquette University using a hydrosilylation reaction of BPA and HMTS, and BPA and PDMS, respectively [39,40]. BPA is the organic chemical that provides the functional group for the analyte/coating interaction to take place.…”

Analysis of the Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides in Aqueous Solutions Using Hydrogen-Bond Acidic Coating on SH-SAW Devices

“…16 Vapor sorption (gas-phase sensing) as a function of these interactions has been systematically examined using linear solvation energy relationships (LSERs). 12,17,18 Although LSERs has been performed for gas-phase sensing, the results can be used in aqueous environments as starting points to design polymer structures to promote particular interactions for improved sensitivity and selectivity. It is noted that, in liquid-phase sensing, the partition coefficient of the analyte-coating pair, a function of the LSERs, also depends on the analyte solubility.…”

“…A consideration of the chemical structures that lead to hydrogen-bond acidity leads to a choice of fluorinated alcohols and phenols as the functionality that should be incorporated into a polymer. 18,19 Furthermore, studies done by Abraham et al 20 to compare hydrogen-bond acidities of several propyl-or allyl-substituted bisphenol structures using inverse gas chromatography and LSERs showed that fluorinated bisphenol-A structures were more hydrogenbond acidic than non-fluorinated analogues. 18,20 These considerations provide the design criteria for the synthesis of the hybrid organic/inorganic sensing layer, bisphenol A-hexamethyltrisiloxane (dubbed BPA-HMTS), used in this work.…”

“…18,19 Furthermore, studies done by Abraham et al 20 to compare hydrogen-bond acidities of several propyl-or allyl-substituted bisphenol structures using inverse gas chromatography and LSERs showed that fluorinated bisphenol-A structures were more hydrogenbond acidic than non-fluorinated analogues. 18,20 These considerations provide the design criteria for the synthesis of the hybrid organic/inorganic sensing layer, bisphenol A-hexamethyltrisiloxane (dubbed BPA-HMTS), used in this work. The use of the HMTS monomer introduces the desired low and improves the adhesion of the thin film to the gold surface of the SH-SAW device while the Bisphenol A monomer provides targeted interactions for absorption of OPs.…”

Determination of Linear Short Chain Aliphatic Aldehyde and Ketone Vapors in Air Using a Polystyrene-coated Quartz Crystal Nanobalance Sensor

“…15,16 The methyl-substituted carbosiloxane polymer is a non-polar material that can adsorb aliphatic hydrocarbons. 17,18 The phenyl-substituted cabosiloxane is a polarized polymer sensitive to aromatic hydrocarbons. 19 Polystyrene and its derivatives are the most widely used polymeric materials as sorbents in sensors and various analytical techniques.…”