Polymers in modern ophthalmic implants—Historical background and recent advances

Bozukova, Dimitriya; Pagnoulle, Christine; Jérôme, Robert; Jérôme, Christine

doi:10.1016/j.mser.2010.05.002

Cited by 80 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…Properties such as water content, swelling behavior, and surface conditions can be tailored for purposes ranging from tissue matrix replacement to drug delivery [1–5]. The optical clarity of hydrogels, in particular, makes them popular candidates for ophthalmic applications [6–10]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatibility of poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(acrylic acid) interpenetrating network hydrogel by intrastromal implantation in rabbit cornea

Zheng

Vanchinathan

Dalal

et al. 2015

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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We evaluated the biocompatibility of a poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(acrylic acid) (PEG/PAA) interpenetrating network hydrogel designed for artificial cornea in a rabbit model. PEG/PAA hydrogel measuring 6 mm in diameter was implanted in the corneal stroma of twelve rabbits. Stromal flaps were created with a microkeratome. Randomly, six rabbits were assigned to bear the implant for 2 months, two rabbits for 6 months, two rabbits for 9 months, one rabbit for 12 months, and one rabbit for 16 months. Rabbits were evaluated monthly. After the assigned period, eyes were enucleated, and corneas were processed for histology and immunohistochemistry. There were clear corneas in three of six rabbits that had implantation of hydrogel for 2 months. In the six rabbits with implant for 6 months or longer, the corneas remained clear in four. There was a high rate of epithelial defect and corneal thinning in these six rabbits. One planned 9-month rabbit developed extrusion of implant at 4 months. The cornea remained clear in the 16-month rabbit but histology revealed epithelial in-growth. Intrastromal implantation of PEG/PAA resulted in a high rate of long-term complications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatibility of poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(acrylic acid) interpenetrating network hydrogel by intrastromal implantation in rabbit cornea

Zheng

Vanchinathan

Dalal

et al. 2015

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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“…4 Selected chromophores should be indeed compatible with the selected sterilization techniques and should be stable upon the long-term application of the final device, the IOL. 4 Selected chromophores should be indeed compatible with the selected sterilization techniques and should be stable upon the long-term application of the final device, the IOL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a class of polyurethane materials for intraocular lens manufacturing

et al. 2014

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Ophthalmic lenses are medical devices with considerable requirements in terms of optical, biomechanical and biological performance. There is limited number of materials used for their manufacturing, comprising mainly silicones and poly(meth)acrylates. This series of publications aims at investigating the applicability of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPU) for the manufacturing of ophthalmic lenses and examining the properties of the respective devices. This study is related to the synthesis of TPUs with chemical compositions that comprise chemically grafted filters for the hazardous-light. GC-MS, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopies confirmed the reaction completion and the beneficial effect of the filters on the light transmittance, respectively. Relatively high refractive index of the material was measured and allows for the manufacturing of thinner lenses. The contrast sensitivity determined for a model intraocular lens (IOL) was satisfactory. Few optical defects were, however, present on the model lens prepared by thermoplastic injection molding. The elasticity of the materials was evaluated in view to their potential applicability as foldable IOLs by determining their glass transition temperature and their Young modulus and measuring their shore A. The TPU materials demonstrated more bioadhesive character compared with a benchmark hydrophilic acrylic reference material, which is already used for IOL manufacturing.

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“…The workpiece is made up of a phenylethyl acrylate (PEA) and phenylethy methacrylate (PEMA) copolymer (Bozukova et al, 2010). Material properties of the workpiece set it apart from those typically encountered in polymer machining, a glass transition temperature of 11 • C and high adhesive properties make machining a distinct challenge.…”

Section: Equipment Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental Investigations Into Burr Formation and Damage Mechanisms in the Micro-Milling of a Biomedical Grade Polymer

Ervine

O’Donnell

Walsh

2015

Machining Science and Technology

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2 The demand for micro-machined polymer components has been rapidly growing for a number of years in various diverse applications. These polymer components often require high surface finishes and excellent dimensional accuracies, meeting these specifications requires a deeper understanding of material behavior and cutting performance during micro-machining. A lack of published literature relating to polymer machining increases the production challenge as cutting strategies employed are often based on trial and error with heuristic solutions developed. This work explains material behavior and machining outcomes by focusing on the study of the various damage mechanisms encountered during the micro-machining of a biomedical grade polymer. The importance of the material removal mechanism is highlighted with up-milling shown to produce a superior surface finish on average. The role of speed and feed in the generation of machined surfaces is examined with suboptimal settings shown to produce unwanted thermal influences and significant material deformations.

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Polymers in modern ophthalmic implants—Historical background and recent advances

Cited by 80 publications

References 145 publications

Biocompatibility of poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(acrylic acid) interpenetrating network hydrogel by intrastromal implantation in rabbit cornea

Biocompatibility of poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(acrylic acid) interpenetrating network hydrogel by intrastromal implantation in rabbit cornea

Evaluation of a class of polyurethane materials for intraocular lens manufacturing

Fundamental Investigations Into Burr Formation and Damage Mechanisms in the Micro-Milling of a Biomedical Grade Polymer

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