Polymers of intrinsic microporosity as high temperature templates for the formation of nanofibrous oxides

Al-Kutubi, Hanan; Rassaei, Liza; Olthuis, Wouter; Nelson, Geoffrey W.; Foord, John S.; Holdway, P.; Carta, Mariolino; Malpass‐Evans, Richard; McKeown, Neil B.; Tsang, Shik Chi Edman; Castaing, R; Forder, Thomas R.; Jones, Matthew D.; He, Daping; Marken, Frank

doi:10.1039/c5ra15131g

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The experimental Pr 3d 5/2 XPS spectrum was curve-fitted by Voigt profiles to investigate the chemical state of praseodymium in Pr 6 O 11 , 3Pr–In 2 O 3 , 6Pr–In 2 O 3 , and 12Pr–In 2 O 3 (Figure a–d); the results are summarized in Table . According to the curve fitting of Pr 3d 5/2 spectra in the Pr 6 O 11 by Al Kutubi et al, the XPS peaks of ∼931 and ∼935 eV should be corresponding to Pr 4+ species, while the XPS peaks of ∼928 and ∼933 eV should be matched to Pr 3+ species. As the Pr content increases in Pr–In 2 O 3 (Figure b–d), the ratio of Pr 3+ /Pr 4+ increased (Table ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Humidity-Independent Gas Sensors Using Pr-Doped In₂O₃ Macroporous Spheres: Role of Cyclic Pr³⁺/Pr⁴⁺ Redox Reactions in Suppression of Water-Poisoning Effect

Kim

Kwak

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

133

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Pure and 3–12 at. % Pr-doped In2O3 macroporous spheres were fabricated by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and their acetone-sensing characteristics under dry and humid conditions were investigated to design humidity-independent gas sensors. The 12 at. % Pr-doped In2O3 sensor exhibited approximately the same acetone responses and sensor resistances at 450 °C regardless of the humidity variation, whereas the pure In2O3 exhibited significant deterioration in gas-sensing characteristics upon the change in the atmosphere, from dry to humid (relative humidity: 80%). Moreover, the 12 at. % Pr-doped In2O3 sensor exhibited a high response to acetone with negligible cross responses to interfering gases (NH3, CO, benzene, toluene, NO2, and H2) under the highly humid atmosphere. The mechanism for the humidity-immune gas-sensing characteristics was investigated by X-ray photoelectron and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopies together with the phenomenological gas-sensing results and discussed in relation with Pr3+/Pr4+ redox pairs, regenerative oxygen adsorption, and scavenging of hydroxyl groups.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Humidity-Independent Gas Sensors Using Pr-Doped In₂O₃ Macroporous Spheres: Role of Cyclic Pr³⁺/Pr⁴⁺ Redox Reactions in Suppression of Water-Poisoning Effect

Kim

Kwak

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

133

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“…Longer reaction times were also attempted, to produced higher degrees of hydrolysis along with higher degrees of carboxylation, but we found that maximum hydrolysis time that enables beadfree fiber formation was found 3 h. The higher the degree of hydrolysis, the more concentrated the spinning solutions needed to be (Table 2) depending on the reaction conditions used in hydrolysis. Even though PIM-1 is thermally and chemically stable against acidic and basic conditions [14,[49][50][51], long reaction times in a concentrated base may damage the ether linkages in polymer backbone which required more concentrated polymeric solution for electrospinning of uniform fibers. This idea was supported not only by viscosity measurements but also by BET surface area measurements (Table 2).…”

Section: Electrospinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic hydrolysis of PIM-1 and electrospinning of hydrolyzed PIM-1 ultrafine fibers for an efficient removal of dye from water

Satilmiş

Budd

Uyar

2017

Reactive and Functional Polymers

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In this study, the Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-1) was systematically hydrolyzed in the presence of sodium hydroxide by varying the concentration of base, washing procedure and the time of the reaction. The chemical structure analyses confirmed that PIM-1 could be hydrolyzed by 65% up to 99% conversion depending on the synthesis procedure. The hydrolyzed PIM-1 samples have shown improved solubility which facilitates the fabrication of hydrolyzed PIM-1 ultrafine fibers by electrospinning technique. Extensive optimization studies were performed for the electrospinning of uniform and bead-free fibers from hydrolyzed PIM-1 with different degree of hydrolysis (65%, 86%, 94% and 99%). The electrospun hydrolysed PIM-1 fibrous samples have average fiber diameters (AFD) ranging from 0.58 ± 0.15 μm to 1.21 ± 0.15 μm, depending on the polymer concentration and applied electrospinning parameters. After electrospinning, self-standing hydrolyzed PIM-1 fibrous membranes were obtained which is useful as a filtering material for the adsorption of organic dyes from wastewater. Here, the capability of hydrolyzed PIM-1 electrospun fibrous membranes for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions was investigated by using a batch adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity of fully hydrolyzed PIM-1 fibers was found 157 ± 16 mg g − 1 for Methylene Blue and 4 mg g − 1 for Congo red when the adsorption was conducted by 20 mg L − 1 dye solution without using any dilution. Moreover, maximum dye adsorption was also studied by using concentrated Methylene Blue solutions showing up to 272 mg g − 1 adsorption maximum. In addition, the self-standing fibrous hydrolyzed PIM-1 membrane was employed to separate Methylene Blue from an aqueous system by filtration without the necessity of additional driving force. The results indicate that hydrolyzed PIM-1 electrospun nanofibrous membranes can be a promising filtering material for wastewater treatment

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“…PIMs have been proposed for gas management systems with a particular attention to storage [7] and separation [8]. PIMs have also been employed as high temperature templates for metal oxide nanostructures [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymers of intrinsic microporosity in electrochemistry: Anion uptake and transport effects in thin film electrodes and in free-standing ionic diode membranes

Rong

Kolodziej

Madrid

et al. 2016

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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Anion uptake and charge transport in a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (here PIM-EA-TB) is investigated for three cases: (i) the oxidation of ferrocene embedded into a thin film of PIM-EA-TB on a glassy carbon electrode, (ii) the reduction of protons absorbed into a thin film of PIM-EA-TB on a platinum electrode, and (iii) the potential-driven transport of anions and protons in an asymmetrically deposited free-standing PIM-EA-TB membrane working as a current rectifier or "ionic diode". In all three cases the competing effects of the diameter and hydrophobicity (size and hydration energy) of the anion are important. For free-standing membranes very high ionic diode rectification ratios (>10 3 at +/-1 V) are observed in particular for thicker deposits of PIM-EA-TB and for chloride or perchlorate containing electrolyte.

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Polymers of intrinsic microporosity as high temperature templates for the formation of nanofibrous oxides

Abstract: Highly rigid polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) offer novel high temperature template materials for the formation of nano-structured metal oxides, here for nanostructured Pr6O11.

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

Humidity-Independent Gas Sensors Using Pr-Doped In₂O₃ Macroporous Spheres: Role of Cyclic Pr³⁺/Pr⁴⁺ Redox Reactions in Suppression of Water-Poisoning Effect

Humidity-Independent Gas Sensors Using Pr-Doped In₂O₃ Macroporous Spheres: Role of Cyclic Pr³⁺/Pr⁴⁺ Redox Reactions in Suppression of Water-Poisoning Effect

Systematic hydrolysis of PIM-1 and electrospinning of hydrolyzed PIM-1 ultrafine fibers for an efficient removal of dye from water

Polymers of intrinsic microporosity in electrochemistry: Anion uptake and transport effects in thin film electrodes and in free-standing ionic diode membranes

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Polymers of intrinsic microporosity as high temperature templates for the formation of nanofibrous oxides

Abstract: Highly rigid polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) offer novel high temperature template materials for the formation of nano-structured metal oxides, here for nanostructured Pr6O11.

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

Humidity-Independent Gas Sensors Using Pr-Doped In2O3 Macroporous Spheres: Role of Cyclic Pr3+/Pr4+ Redox Reactions in Suppression of Water-Poisoning Effect

Humidity-Independent Gas Sensors Using Pr-Doped In2O3 Macroporous Spheres: Role of Cyclic Pr3+/Pr4+ Redox Reactions in Suppression of Water-Poisoning Effect

Systematic hydrolysis of PIM-1 and electrospinning of hydrolyzed PIM-1 ultrafine fibers for an efficient removal of dye from water

Polymers of intrinsic microporosity in electrochemistry: Anion uptake and transport effects in thin film electrodes and in free-standing ionic diode membranes

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Humidity-Independent Gas Sensors Using Pr-Doped In₂O₃ Macroporous Spheres: Role of Cyclic Pr³⁺/Pr⁴⁺ Redox Reactions in Suppression of Water-Poisoning Effect

Humidity-Independent Gas Sensors Using Pr-Doped In₂O₃ Macroporous Spheres: Role of Cyclic Pr³⁺/Pr⁴⁺ Redox Reactions in Suppression of Water-Poisoning Effect