Polymers with Pendent Functional Groups. II. Investigation on the Chloromethylation of Polystyrene

Avram, Ecaterina; Luca, Cornelia; Petrovan, Camelia; Mihăilescu, Camelia

doi:10.1080/03602559608004058

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The subsequent chloromethylation reaction was carried out as previously described. 17 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide from Chemos GmbH, Germany, was dried for 2 h at 170 C in vacuum before use.…”

Section: Experimental Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of phosphorus‐containing polystyrene

Petreuş¹,

Avram²,

Lisă

et al. 2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Chemical modification of a chloromethylated polystyrene (CMPSt) was performed by the reaction of the chlorometyl group with the PAH bond of 9,10-dihydro-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide. A kinetic study on the phosphorylation reaction of CMPSt with different chlorine contents and/or different molecular weighs was reported. The obtained polymers bearing phosphorus containing cyclic bulky groups were characterized by analytical methods, FTIR and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Their thermal behavior and flammability were also studied.

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Section: Experimental Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of phosphorus‐containing polystyrene

Petreuş¹,

Avram²,

Lisă

et al. 2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…However, to date, there has not been enough in-device testing and analysis of degradation mechanisms to predict which backbones show the most promising attributes under device operation and oxidative conditions. Chloromethylation in its various forms (including the Wright method of in-situ chloromethyl methyl ether generation 48 and paraformaldehyde route 49 ) will be difficult to push forward to industrial-scale synthesis. The use of chloromethyl methyl ether is a non-starter in many facilities.…”

Section: Scale-up Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Developing New Anion Exchange Membranes and Electrode Ionomers

Hickner

2017

Electrochem. Soc. Interface

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The synthesis of new cationic polymers has accelerated the electrochemical field forward towards emerging anion exchange membrane enabled devices. Due to the lack of standard materials for cell testing and optimization, in addition to the absence of a satisfactory commercial anion exchange membranes capable of high current density for electrochemical devices, research groups are aggressively engaged in synthesizing new membrane materials and electrode ionomers. These materials are seen as critical components for the success of precious metal-free alkaline fuel cells and water electrolyzers, advanced flow batteries, CO2 reduction electrolysis cells, and other advanced electrochemical devices. For decades Nafion, and its many PFSA-type variants, have facilitated the advancement of many membrane-based electrochemical devices—in most cases operated in acidic media. However, no such standard material exists for anion exchange membranes. This article will discuss the recent evolution of anion exchange membranes geared towards electrochemical technology and point to some key breakthroughs in this field to date.

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“…Entretanto, a extensão da reação deve ser bem controlada, pois esses catalisadores produzem reticulações adicionais por meio de pontes metilênicas, geradas a partir da reação de substituição eletrofílica entre um grupo clorometila já imobilizado e um anel aromático livre. Um controle mais fácil da reação é conseguido pelo uso de ZnCl 2 , um ácido de Lewis mais fraco [10][11][12][13][14] .…”

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Síntese e caracterização de copolímeros de estireno e divinilbenzeno clorometilados

Coutinho

Gomes

2004

Polímeros

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A reação de clorometilação de copolímeros de estireno e divinilbenzeno (S-DVB) em presença de HCl, formaldeído e cloreto de zinco foi estudada em meios aquoso e orgânico. O copolímero S-DVB foi, primeiramente, sintetizado por polimerização em suspensão e caracterizado quanto às suas propriedades porosas. Em meio aquoso, o copolímero foi clorometilado borbulhando-se HCl na mistura de solução aquosa de formaldeído a 37% (formalina 37%) e solução aquosa de cloreto de zinco (catalisador). Em meio orgânico (1,2-dicloroetano), foram usados HCl (borbulhado na solução reacional), paraformaldeído e cloreto de zinco sólido. A presença de grupos clorometila foi identificada por espectroscopia na região do infravermelho e o teor desses grupos foi determinado por titulação potenciométrica dos íons cloreto, liberados após a reação de quaternização com piridina. A reação em meio aquoso originou copolímeros com baixos graus de clorometilação, mesmo sob condições drásticas (uso do catalisador sólido e ácido clorídrico concentrado como meio reacional). Em meio orgânico, devido à maior estabilidade do eletrófilo, foram originados copolímeros com teores mais altos de grupos clorometila. Foi estudada a influência dos parâmetros reacionais sobre o grau de clorometilação dos copolímeros em meio orgânico. A temperatura e a razão copolímero/catalisador foram parâmetros determinantes do grau de clorometilação obtido.

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Polymers with Pendent Functional Groups. II. Investigation on the Chloromethylation of Polystyrene

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Synthesis and characterization of phosphorus‐containing polystyrene

Synthesis and characterization of phosphorus‐containing polystyrene

Strategies for Developing New Anion Exchange Membranes and Electrode Ionomers

Síntese e caracterização de copolímeros de estireno e divinilbenzeno clorometilados

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