Polymicrobial Keratitis: Acanthamoeba and Infectious Crystalline Keratopathy

Tu, Elmer Y.; Joslin, Charlotte E.; Nijm, Lisa M.; Feder, Robert S.; Jain, Sandeep; Shoff, Megan E.

doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2009.01.020

Cited by 49 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Such interactions may be of clinical relevance, since Acanthamoeba might be able to protect bacterial endosymbionts and release them under certain conditions. In fact, co-infections with other microrganisms have been reported in patients with culture proved AK 18. These include HSV, Adenovirus and Pseudomonas species 19-21.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Bacterial Endosymbionts in Clinical Acanthamoeba Isolates

et al. 2010

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Purpose-To determine the presence of four clinically relevant bacterial endosymbionts in Acanthamoeba isolates obtained from patients with Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) and the possible contribution of endosymbionts to the pathogenesis of AK. Design-Experimental studyParticipants-Acanthamoeba isolates (N=37) recovered from cornea and contact lens paraphernalia of 23 patients with culture proven AK and 1 environmental isolate.Methods-Acanthamoeba isolates were evaluated for the presence of microbial endosymbionts belonging to the bacterial genera Legionella, Pseudomonas, Mycobacteria and Chlamydia using molecular techniques (Polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis, fluorescent in situ hybridization) and transmission electron microscopy. Corneal toxicity and virulence of Acanthamoeba isolates with and without endosymbionts were compared using a cytopathic effect (CPE) assay of human corneal epithelial cells in vitro. Initial visual acuity (VA), location and characteristics of the infiltrate, time to detection of the infection and symptoms duration at presentation were evaluated in all patients.Main Outcome Measures-Prevalence and potential pathobiology of bacterial endosymbionts detected in Acanthamoeba isolates recovered from AK.Results-Twenty-two of the 38 (59.4%) cultures examined contained at least one bacterial endosymbiont. One isolate contained two endosymbionts, Legionella and Chlamydia, confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Corneal toxicity (CPE) was significantly higher for Acanthamoebae hosting endosymbionts compared to isolates without endosymbionts (p<0.05). Corneal pathogenic endosymbionts such as Pseudomonas and Mycobacterium enhanced Acanthamoeba CPE significantly more than Legionella (p<0.05). In the presence of bacterial endosymbionts, there was a trend toward worse initial VA (p>0.05), central location (p<0.05), Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptOphthalmology. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 March 1.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Bacterial Endosymbionts in Clinical Acanthamoeba Isolates

et al. 2010

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“…In fact, coinfections with other microorganisms have been reported in patients with AK. [21][22][23] AK sometimes develops in eyes with bacterial and bacteria-associated keratitis. Most Acanthamoeba isolates from patients with AK harbor one or more bacterial symbionts.…”

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confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Role of Bacteria in the Development of Acanthamoeba Keratitis

Nakagawa

Hattori

Koike

et al. 2015

Cornea

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“…(14)(15)(16). Guanidines are also used as treatments of ophthalmological diseases against fungi and Acanthamoeba in infective keratitis, crystalline keratopathy, microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis (17)(18)(19). The antibacterial mechanism of PHMB was believed that it can disrupt the lipid cell membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Characterization and Bacteriostatic and Cytotoxicity to 3T3 Cells Study of Oligobiguanidine (Polyhexamethylene Biguanidine Hydrochloride) and its 3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane Derivatives

Jiang

Wang

Che

et al. 2012

Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A

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In this paper, polyhexamethylene biguanidine hydrochloride (PHMB) oligomers were prepared by polycondensation of hexamethylenediamine, hydrochloric acid and 1,6-hexamethylenebis(dicyanamide); the organosilicon derivatives of PHMB oligomers (PHMB-Si) were prepared in solution through the reaction of PHMB and 3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GLYMO). The analyses of FT-IR, 1 H and 13 C-NMR, elemental analysis, and TGA showed that the PHMB-Si was synthesized successfully. The relationship between antibiotic activity and viscosity-average molecular weight of PHMB; the relationship between antibiotic activity and the content of organosilicon in PHMB-Si were investigated. The experimental results revealed that the antibacterial activity of PHMB yielded the maximum at the viscosity-average molecular weight of 9000. The higher ratio of GLMYO in PHMB-Si, the higher antibiotic activity of PHMB-Si was. The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of PHMB was 10 ppm, and the MBC of PHMB-Si was 5 ppm. The results showed there was an obvious synergy of PHMB-Si in bacteriostatic activity than PHMB.

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Polymicrobial Keratitis: Acanthamoeba and Infectious Crystalline Keratopathy

Cited by 49 publications

References 33 publications

Detection of Bacterial Endosymbionts in Clinical Acanthamoeba Isolates

Detection of Bacterial Endosymbionts in Clinical Acanthamoeba Isolates

Investigation of the Role of Bacteria in the Development of Acanthamoeba Keratitis

Structural Characterization and Bacteriostatic and Cytotoxicity to 3T3 Cells Study of Oligobiguanidine (Polyhexamethylene Biguanidine Hydrochloride) and its 3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane Derivatives

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