Polymorphic microsatellite loci from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): genetic differentiation of North American and European populations

Abstract

Atlantic salmon populations show Bow levels of genetic differentiation relative to other salmonid species, when surveyed by allozymes, and with mitochondrial DNA and nuclear ribosomal DNA markers. Here we report the application of three novel microsatellite VNTR loci to population differentiation in Atlantic salmon. A total of 232 microsatellites, cloned from Atlantic salmon, were classified as perfect. imperfect, and compound repeats. Microsatellite length, as in other teleosts, was significantly larger than published mammalian microsatellites. Primers for PCW amplification of three salmon microsatellites were designed. Allele frequencies, degree of polymorphism, and heterozygosity were estimated for five populations from Nova Scotia, Canada, and from Europe. Nei's genetic distances of 0.02-0.9 were observed among populations. There was a clear discrimination between Canadian and European fish based on unique alleles present at two loci. These Atlantic salmon primers also amplify presumably homologous loci in nine other salmonid species. The polymorphic microsatellites loci reported here demonstrate great potential as genetic markers in population, breeding, and evolutionary studies.RCsurnC : Les populations de saumon atlantique prbsentent de faibIes niveaux de diffbrenciation gCnCtique par rapport i d'autres esp6ces de salmonidCs, selon notre Ctude faisant appel aux allozymes et aux marqueurs de I'ABN mitochondrial et de I'ADN ribosomique nuclCaire. Nous rapportons ici l'application B la diffkrenciation des populations de saumon atlantique de trois nouveaux loci 2i nombre variable de skquences rCp6ties en tandem correspondant h des microsateIlites. Au total, 232 microsatellites, obtenus par clonage chez le saumon atlantique, ont it6 classes comme sCquences rCpCtCes parfaites, imparfaites et composCes. La longueur des microsatellites, comme chez d'autres tbliostiens, Ctait nettement plus grande que celle des microsatellites de mammifbres dtcrits dans la littkrature. Nous avons c o n p des arnorces pour l'amplification gCnique des microsatellites de trois saumons. Nous avons estimC la frCquence des allbles. le degrC de polymorphisme et 11h6ttrozygotie pour cinq populations de ~ouvelle-ficosse, Canada, et d7Europe. Nous avons observe des distances gCnCtiques de Nei de O,CB2-0,9 entre les populations. II y avait une nette discrimination entre les poissons canadiens et europiens, qui se fondait sur des allbles particuliers prisents sur deux loci. Ces arnorces chez le saumon atlantique amplifient aussi des loci probablement homologues chez neuf autres esp6ces de salmonidis. Les loci des microsatellites polymorphes prtsentks ici offrent un grand potentiel comme marqueurs gCnCtiques dans les Ctudes sur les populations, la reproduction, et 1'Cvolution. [Traduit par la RCdaction]

Microsatellite Markers to Determine Population Genetic Structure in the Golden Anchovy, Coilia dussumieri

“…The higher rates of mutation (and therefore polymorphism) of DNA markers result in greater power for population differentiation (Rousset and Raymond 1995;Goudet et al 1996). Levels of genetic differentiation demonstrated here for golden anchovy were higher than those significant values seen in Pacific herring (F ST = 0.023), Atlantic herring (F ST = 0.035), and widespread anadromous fish like Atlantic salmon (F ST = 0.054; McConnell et al 1997), where there was no genetic differentiation observed among populations. The high F ST values of this study are similar to those reported in other fish species (Cook et al 2002;Liao et al 2006) that revealed high and significant levels of genetic structure.…”

Brown Trout-Salmon Hybrids in Bulgarian Rivers are not a Red Herring

“…All captive bred (hatchery) fish samples used here as controls showed allele length within the range previously described for brown trout (119-162 bp) (2,7,8). Samples taken from free-living populations, however, apart from the alleles within this range, produced several unusual alleles, well above the upper limit for brown trout and closer to the allele sizes observed in Atlantic salmon (6,11,12,14). electrophoretic profiles of the amplified Ssa197 fragments from the studied specimens can be seen in figs.…”

Siblingship tests connect two seemingly independent farmed Atlantic salmon escape events

“…A total of 18 loci were amplified in 3 multiplex reactions (full genotyping conditions available from authors upon request): SSsp3016 (GenBank no. AY372820), SSsp2210, SSspG7, SSsp2201, SSsp1605, SSsp2216 (Paterson et al 2004), Ssa197, Ssa171, Ssa202 (O'Reilly et al 1996), SsaD157, SsaD486, SsaD144 (King et al 2005), Ssa289, Ssa14 (McConnell et al 1995), SsaF43 (Sánchez et al 1996), SsaOsl85 (Slettan et al 1995), MHC I and MHC II . PCR products were analysed on an ABI 3730 Genetic Analyser and sized by a 500LIZ TM size standard.…”