Polymorphism of the alpha-1-fucosyltransferase (FUT1) gene in several wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations in France and link to edema disease

Petit, Geoffrey; Grosbois, Vladimir; Chalvet‐Monfray, Karine; Ducos, Alain; Desmecht, Daniël; Martineau, G. P.; Decors, Anouk

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.03.025

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…This pathogenic clade appears to be endemic to the territory of France and restricted to a wild boar population. From the analysis of the FUT1 gene regulating the expression of the F18 receptor, the wild boar populations in France were found genetically susceptible to ED ( 15 ). Production of various virulence factors, including F18 adhesin, Stx2e, and enterotoxins, may be cited to explain the emergence of ED in wild boars because such a combination may confer increased virulence to the strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other ED outbreaks occurred later in 2014 (51 cases), 2015 (26 cases), and 2016 (5 cases), as well as in 2019 (7 cases), in the same region. The boars were mainly 4–6 months old, corresponding to the weaning period in this species ( 15 ). Given the increase of the wild boar population in Europe in the last decades ( 16 ), which can lead to more frequent contact with domestic pigs and increasing risk for disease transmission ( 17 ), we characterized the strains responsible for the emergence of ED in wild boars.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Wild Boars as Reservoir of Highly Virulent Clone of Hybrid Shiga Toxigenic and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Responsible for Edema Disease, France

Perrat¹,

Branchu²,

Decors³

et al. 2022

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Edema disease is an often fatal enterotoxemia caused by specific strains of Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) that affect primarily healthy, rapidly growing nursery pigs. Recently, outbreaks of edema disease have also emerged in France in wild boars. Analysis of STEC strains isolated from wild boars during 2013–2019 showed that they belonged to the serotype O139:H1 and were positive for both Stx2e and F18 fimbriae. However, in contrast to classical STEC O139:H1 strains circulating in pigs, they also possessed enterotoxin genes sta1 and stb , typical of enterotoxigenic E. coli . In addition, the strains contained a unique accessory genome composition and did not harbor antimicrobial-resistance genes, in contrast to domestic pig isolates. These data thus reveal that the emergence of edema disease in wild boars was caused by atypical hybrid of STEC and enterotoxigenic E. coli O139:H1, which so far has been restricted to the wildlife environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Wild Boars as Reservoir of Highly Virulent Clone of Hybrid Shiga Toxigenic and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Responsible for Edema Disease, France

Perrat¹,

Branchu²,

Decors³

et al. 2022

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Eighty‐two additional WB samples (79 skin biopsies plus three blood samples taken by hunters between 2013 and 2017) came from an area that is not subject to particular protection measures (the administrative French subdivision, Ardèche, hereafter referred to as WB_Ardèche; Table 1 ). These animals were initially sampled for another study (Petit et al, 2020 ). Analysis of the chromosomal status (2 n = 36, 37 or 38 chromosomes) could only be performed for three animals out of 82 (those for which blood samples were available).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome‐wide analysis of hybridization in wild boar populations reveals adaptive introgression from domestic pig

Mary

Iannuccelli

Petit

et al. 2022

Evolutionary Applications

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The admixture of domestic pig into French wild boar populations has been monitored since the 1980s thanks to the existence of a cytogenetic difference between the two sub-species. The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36 in wild boar and 2n = 38 in pig, respectively. This difference makes it possible to assign the "hybrid" status to wild boar individuals controlled with 37 or 38 chromosomes. However, it does not make it possible to determine the timing of the hybridization(s), nor to guarantee the absence of domestic admixture in an animal with 2n = 36 chromosomes. In order to analyze hybridization in greater detail and to avoid the inherent limitations of the cytogenetic approach, 362 wild boars (WB) recently collected in different French geographical areas and in different environments (farms, free ranging in protected or unprotected areas, animals with 2n = 36, 37 or 38 chromosomes) were genotyped on a 70K SNP chip. Principal component analyses allowed the identification of 13 "outliers" (3.6%), for which the proportion of the genome of "domestic" origin was greater than 40% (Admixture analyses). These animals were probably recent hybrids, having Asian domestic pig ancestry for most of them. For the remaining 349 animals studied, the proportion of the genome of "wild" origin varied between 83% and 100% (median: 94%).This proportion varied significantly depending on how the wild boar populations were managed. Local ancestry analyses revealed adaptive introgression from domestic pig, suggesting a critical role of genetic admixture in improving the fitness and population growth of WB. Overall, our results show that the methods used to monitor the domestic genetic contributions to wild boar populations should evolve in order to limit the level of admixture between the two gene pools.

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“…A total of 362 biological samples were collected. The biological samples of animals from free ranging "Ardèche" were ear biopsies (n = 79) collected between the years 2014-2016 for an edema disease project [7]. The other samples were blood samples (n = 283) collected between the years 2017-2019, analyzed on the chromosomal control platform [3] and selected to be representative of the farm diversity.…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotyping data of French wild boar populations using porcine genome-wide genotyping array

et al. 2022

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Objective The admixture of domestic pig into wild boar populations is controlled until now, by cytogenetic analysis. Even if a first-generation hybrid animal is discernable because of its 37-chromosome karyotype, the cytogenetic method is not applicable in the case of advanced intercrosses. The aim of this study is therefore to evaluate the use of SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) markers as an alternative technology to characterize recent or past hybridization between the two sub-species. The final goal would be to develop a molecular diagnostic tool. Data description The Geneseek Genomic Profiler High-Density porcine beadchip (GGP70KHD, Illumina, USA), comprising 68,516 porcine SNPs, was used on a set of 362 wild boars with diverse chromosomal statuses collected from different areas and breeding environments in France. We generated approximately 62,192–64,046 genotypes per wild boar. The present dataset might be useful for the community (i) for developing molecular tools to evaluate the admixture of domestic pig into wild boar populations, and (ii) for genetic diversity studies including wild boar species or phylogeny analyses of Suidae populations. Raw data files and a processed matrix data file were deposited in the ArrayExpress at European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) data portal under accession number E-MTAB-10591.

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Polymorphism of the alpha-1-fucosyltransferase (FUT1) gene in several wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations in France and link to edema disease

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Wild Boars as Reservoir of Highly Virulent Clone of Hybrid Shiga Toxigenic and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Responsible for Edema Disease, France

Wild Boars as Reservoir of Highly Virulent Clone of Hybrid Shiga Toxigenic and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Responsible for Edema Disease, France

Genome‐wide analysis of hybridization in wild boar populations reveals adaptive introgression from domestic pig

Genotyping data of French wild boar populations using porcine genome-wide genotyping array

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