Polymorphism of the osteopontin gene and clinical course of multiple sclerosis in the Polish population

Biernacka-Łukanty, Justyna; Michałowska-Wender, G; Michalak, Sławomir; Raczak, Beata; Kozubski, Wojciech; Urbanski, Dariusz; Wender, M

doi:10.5114/fn.2015.56548

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…Glatiramer acetate and NTZ lead to the decrease of plasma OPN levels as well [107,116] . Several polymorphisms of the OPN gene have been investigated to find an association with disease course or activity [117][118][119][120] . A few have been correlated with the level of disability [118] , with disease course and risk for conversion to SPMS [119,120] , and with susceptibility to MS development and relapse rate [121] .…”

Section: Osteopontinmentioning

confidence: 99%

CSF biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: beyond neuroinflammation

Toscano¹,

Patti²

2020

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For many years, quantifiable biomarkers in neurological diseases have represented a hot topic. In multiple sclerosis (MS), cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers have played a diagnostic role since the introduction of Poser's criteria in 1983, with IgG oligoclonal bands playing a supporting role in an epoch prior to magnetic resonance imaging and a complementary one after the introduction of McDonald criteria in 2001. Nowadays, that supporting role has turned into a main one in substituting for dissemination in time and defining the diagnosis of MS in patients with a first clinical event, according to the 2017 revised McDonald criteria. Possibly kappa free light chains, N-CAM, chitinase 3-like protein 1 and IgM oligoclonal bands, not yet implemented in clinical practice, could similarly gain importance in the near future. Furthermore, the increasing knowledge of molecular mechanisms leading to chronic inflammation has enhanced interest in looking for biomarkers of disease activity, better defining the MS phenotype and patients with highly active disease. Accordingly, myelin proteins, intermediate filaments, metalloproteinases and other molecules involved in the inflammatory cascade, are currently under investigation. Finally, it has long been known that axonal loss occurs from the early phases, leading to a progressive neurological deterioration. Since established criteria to assess treatment failure and transition to progressive forms are still lacking, both treatment response and prognostic biomarkers would be useful to predict MS course, and neurofilaments seem to have this potential. The purpose of this review article was to illustrate biomarkers that have been already validated or require further validation after proving to be useful in exploratory studies and potentially could prove useful in clinical practice in the coming years.

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