Polymorphism of the PPARD Gene and Dynamic Balance Performance in Han Chinese Children

Abstract

Background Athletic performances are complex traits with heritability of ~66%. Dynamic balance is one of the most important athletic performances, and there has been little studies for it in sports genomics. The candidate PPARD gene was reported to be able to affect muscle development for balance predisposition and influence the athletic performance including skiing triumph in the Caucasian population. This study aims to investigate whether the PPARD gene is a susceptibility gene for dynamic balance performance in Han Chinese children. Results A total 2244 children were recruited and their balance beam performances were measured. Five polymorphisms in the PPARD gene were genotyped through the MassARRAY Sequenom platform. Rs2016520 exerted significant association with dynamic balance performance (minor allele C, P = 0.015, P corrected < 0.05) and was affirmed in a meta-analysis by combining previously reported Caucasian cohorts (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = [1.30, 1.91], P < 10 -5 ) . Another polymorphism, rs2267668, was also significantly associated with dynamic balance performance (minor allele G, P = 0.015, P corrected < 0.05). In the dichotomous study, 321 cases (61% boys and 39% girls) and 370 controls (49% boys and 51% girls) in our samples were selected as representatives, and the thresholds were the mean velocity (0.737 m/s) ± standard deviation (0.264 m/s), in which rs2016520-C and rs2267668-G still remained significant (CI =1.41 [1.11~1.79], P = 0.004, P corrected < 0.016; CI =1.45 [1.14~1.86], P = 0.002, P corrected < 0.016). In different genders, consistent OR direction was observed for each variant. Conclusions Our results suggested that the PPARD gene is associated with dynamic balance performance of human being, and further studies to reveal its etiology is strongly suggested. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41065-019-0092-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Associations among perfluorooctanesulfonic/perfluorooctanoic acid levels, nuclear receptor gene polymorphisms, and lipid levels in pregnant women in the Hokkaido study

“…The PPARD rs1053049 (T>C; 3′-untranslated region of exon 9) TT genotype demonstrated reduced PPARD gene expression levels 41 , higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus 47 , increased insulin sensitivity and decreased body mass with sports training or lifestyle intervention 26 , 48 , 49 . The PPARD rs2267668 (A>G; intron 3) AA genotype demonstrated less marked TG levels with lifestyle intervention 50 , lower dynamic balance performance 51 , higher habitual physical activity 52 , and higher peak aerobic capacity on a treadmill (VO 2 peak ) 48 . PPARD activation induces decreased TG levels coupled with up-regulation of genes related to lipid droplet secretion 52 .…”

PPARA, PPARD ir PPARG genetinių variantų reikšmė aukšto meistriškumo sportininkų fiziniam pajėgumui: sisteminė literatūros apžvalga

“…Šiuo metu plačiai tyrinėjamas dar vienas PPAR receptorius -PPARγ, kuris yra būtinas mioblastų ir adipocitų diferenciacijai bei yra susijęs su insulino apykaita (Barh, Ahmetov, 2019 Eynon et al, 2009). Nustatyta, kad šio polimorfizmo retasis C alelis siejamas su didesniu PPARD transkripcijos aktyvumu ir geno raiška (Cao et al, 2019). Literatūros duomenimis, PPARD polimorfizmas (C alelis) yra susijęs su padidėjusiu raumenų gliukozės įsisavinimu, lėtai susitraukiančių raumenų skaidulų kiekiu, mažesniu kūno masės indeksu (KMI) (Skogsberg, 2003).…”

“…PPARG Pro12 alelį turinčių asmenų riebalų masė, užsiimant fizine veikla, efektyviau sumažėja nei PPARG 12Ala alelio nešiotojų. Taigi, PPARG Pro12Ala polimorfizmas yra siejamas su fizinio pajėgumo fenotipu ir gali būti laikomas genetiniu veiksniu, prisidedančiu prie sportinės veiklos poligeninio profilio (Ahmetov et al, 2008; Maciejewska-Karlowska et al, 2013; Barh, Ahmetov, 2019).Kitas PPAR genų šeimos atstovas yra PPARD genas, koduojantis PPARβ/δ receptorių, kuris dalyvauja organizmo lipidų ir angliavandenių apykaitoje, energijos homeostazėje ir termogenezėje(Barh, Ahmetov, 2019;Cao et al, 2019; Trostchansky, Rubbo, 2019). PPARD reguliuoja miokardo ir griaučių raumenų gliukozės įsisavinimą ir panaudojimą, skatina mitochondrijų biogenezę.…”

“…PPARD reguliuoja miokardo ir griaučių raumenų gliukozės įsisavinimą ir panaudojimą, skatina mitochondrijų biogenezę. Pagrindinis PPARD geno polimorfizmas yra T/C (rs2016520, c.-87T>C)(Cao et al, 2019;…”

Arts and Science of Athletic Performance- Short Communication

“…Mitochondrial DNA encodes some proteins of the oxidative phosphorylation enzymatic complex, playing an important role in aerobic ATP production; therefore, it can contribute to the ability to respond to endurance exercise training [49]. Both Maciejewska-Skrendo and Cao et.al, 2019 suggested that Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) gene is associated with dynamic balance performance of human being [50,51]. Iron and Magnesium supplementation have the best quality evidence for improvements to markers and outcomes related to exercise capacity and athletic performance [39], [52,53].…”